Intranational and Cross-national Data Analysis

Abstract

Chapter 7 answers research questions and compares the relationship between Islamic organisations and social activities in four cities. The analysis validates the relevance of the model of churches’ state opportunities for profiling Islamic associations and the model of citizenship and welfare opportunity structures for the production of cultural and social activities across Islamic associations.

It also confirms recent theories that describe how, in the contemporary mobility context, associations provide the same services, but in a different identitarian framework that is more related to the external context than to the internal one. Social services are provided in each city, but the relationship between social and cultural services varies based on environmental conditions. Furthermore, the choice by the Islamic organisations interviewed to outline religious identity is related to the framework of church–state cleavages in each city.