Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is a common occurrence in the both the operating room and intensive care units worldwide. Often the goal is only to facilitate a patient undergoing major surgery, and other times it is to prevent life-threatening deterioration. It needs to be remembered that mechanical ventilation is a supportive therapy and it almost never treats the underlying disease process. With this sentiment in mind, much of the focus of positive pressure ventilation is aimed at preventing its negative effects such as lung injury, infection, and hypotension. There are numerous ways that mechanical ventilation may damage the body. The various types of lung damage caused by ventilators are collectively known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Specific examples of VILI include causing parenchymal air leaks, also known as barotrauma, and diffuse alveolar over-distension that causes a volutrauma injury to the lung. Another mechanism of injury is due to the cyclic opening and closing of the alveoli, and this is termed atelectrauma.
Keywords
- Mechanical ventilation
- Volume control ventilation
- Pressure control ventilation
- Inverse ratio ventilation
- Airway pressure release ventilation
- High frequency ventilation
- Recruitment maneuvers
- Sigh breaths
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
- Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)
- Controlled mandatory ventilation (CMV)
- Assist control ventilation (ACV)
- Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
- Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)
- Pressure support ventilation (PSV)
- Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP or BiPAP)
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Douglas, A.J. (2018). Mechanical Ventilation. In: Farag, E., Argalious, M., Tetzlaff, J.E., Sharma, D. (eds) Basic Sciences in Anesthesia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62067-1_37
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62067-1_37
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