Abstract
A two-dimensional (2D) code has been used for authentication in train and airplane boarding passes, e-commerce etc. However, inappropriate use of copied 2D code is apprehended because 2D code can be easily duplicated. Therefore, this study proposes a method for designing a digital watermark that detects replication of 2D code displayed on a smartphone screen. To achieve this, the proposed method designs an effective watermarking scheme for various smartphone models using multi-objective optimization including optical simulation. Experiments showed that the proposed method can design a watermarking scheme with the same performance as the previous work whereas it does not require using actual smartphone devices during long-time optimization.
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Takeshita, S., Maehara, T., Ono, S. (2018). Digital Watermark Design for Two-Dimensional Codes Displayed on Smart Phone Screen Using Multi-objective Optimization and Optical Simulation. In: Lee, R. (eds) Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing. SNPD 2017. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 721. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62048-0_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62048-0_14
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