Abstract
This chapter covers two case studies—the Beaufort Sea boundary dispute and the Lincoln Sea boundary dispute—to round out the examination of the implications of the Canada-Arctic cultural-political relationship dynamics on dispute negotiations. This chapter argues that the Beaufort Sea’s placement within the collective imagination of the Canadian public decreases the Government of Canada’s options to resolve the dispute by lessening the number of acceptable outcomes to the dispute’s resolution. At the same time, the Lincoln Sea’s detachment from the Canadian narratives about the Arctic and the North, coupled with the small size of the disputed area and the extremely limited public awareness of the dispute, all help to make a resolution with Denmark possible by increasing the number of possible resolution outcomes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Notes
- 1.
Byers 2009, p. 98.
- 2.
Byers 2009, p. 98.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
Kaplan 1994, p. 587.
- 6.
Briefing Book 1969.
- 7.
Byers 2010, p. 906.
- 8.
Byers 2009, p. 99.
- 9.
Byers 2009, pp. 99–100.
- 10.
Byers 2009, p. 101.
- 11.
McDorman 2009, p. 174.
- 12.
Baker and Byers 2012, p. 73.
- 13.
Byers 2009, p. 101.
- 14.
Lewis-Koskinen 2010.
- 15.
Lewis-Koskinen 2010.
- 16.
Putnam 1988, p. 444.
- 17.
- 18.
- 19.
for further information on scientific data collection - McDorman 2009, pp. 159–60.
- 20.
Sale and Potapov 2010, p. 171.
- 21.
Sale and Potapov 2010, pp. 80–1.
- 22.
Sale and Potapov 2010, p. 171.
- 23.
Plourde 1989, p. 9.
- 24.
Berger 1988, p. 3.
- 25.
Berger 1988, p. 4.
- 26.
Morrison 2006.
- 27.
Hirsch 1987, p. 1467.
- 28.
- 29.
Hirsch 1987, p. 1467.
- 30.
Jull 1987, pp. 54–5.
- 31.
Lewington 1987, p. 167.
- 32.
Morrison 2006.
- 33.
- 34.
e.g. Canada 2010, pp. 6–7.
- 35.
Government of Canada 2016.
- 36.
Baker and Byers 2012, p. 74.
- 37.
LeGresley 1993.
- 38.
Munk School 2011, p. xxiii.
- 39.
see Byers 2009, p. 100.
- 40.
Boswell 2010.
- 41.
Boswell 2010.
- 42.
Putnam 1988, p. 437.
- 43.
e.g. Kaplan 1994, p. 585.
- 44.
Byers 2009, p. 100.
- 45.
e.g. Byers 2009, p. 100.
- 46.
Pharand 1988, p. 62.
- 47.
Rothwell 1996, p. 172.
- 48.
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada 2010.
- 49.
Sale and Potapov 2010, p. 94.
- 50.
Byers 2009, p. 103.
- 51.
Parliament of Canada, n.d..
- 52.
Munk School 2011, p. xxiii.
- 53.
Putnam 1988, p. 442.
- 54.
Byers 2011.
- 55.
Mackrael 2012.
- 56.
Byers 2011.
- 57.
Elliot-Meisel 2009, pp. 211–12.
- 58.
Killaby 2005–2006, p. 31.
- 59.
Byers 2009, p. 105.
- 60.
Gray 1997, p. 65.
- 61.
Pharand 1988, p. 62.
- 62.
Gray 1997, p. 65.
- 63.
Gray 1997, p. 65.
- 64.
Kindred et al. 2006, p. 461.
- 65.
Mackrael 2012.
- 66.
Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada 2012.
- 67.
CBC News 2012.
- 68.
- 69.
Sørensen 2006, p. 22.
- 70.
Sørensen 2006, p. 41.
- 71.
Steinberg et al. 2015, p. 72.
- 72.
Interview with retired high ranking Transport Canada civil servant, 16 November 2012.
- 73.
The Prime Minister’s Office n.d..
- 74.
Sale and Potapov 2010, p. 101.
- 75.
Sale and Potapov 2010, p. 101.
- 76.
Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada 2012.
- 77.
Canada 2012.
- 78.
Canadian Coast Guard 2013.
- 79.
Byers 2011.
- 80.
Burke 2015, pp. 3–4.
- 81.
Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada 2012.
- 82.
Byers 2009, p. 108.
- 83.
Putnam 1988, p. 446.
- 84.
e.g. Kaplan 1994, p. 586.
- 85.
- 86.
Stevenson 2007, p. 267.
- 87.
- 88.
Carnaghan and Goody 2006, p. 5.
- 89.
Byers 2009, p. 27.
- 90.
Huebert 2002.
- 91.
Byers 2009, p. 27.
- 92.
Humphreys 2012.
- 93.
Stevenson 2007, pp. 263–4.
- 94.
Gurney 2012.
- 95.
Campbell 2012.
- 96.
Stevenson 2007, p. 264.
Bibliography
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. (2010). Land Claims. http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100030285/1100100030289. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
Baker, J., & Byers, M. (2012). Crossed Lines: The Curious Case of the Beaufort Sea Maritime Boundary Dispute. Ocean Development & International Law, 43(1), 70–95.
Berger, T. R. (1988). Northern Frontier Northern Homeland: The Report of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry (Revised ed.). Vancouver/Toronto: Douglas & McIntyre.
Boswell, R. (2010, July 26). Work Underway to Resolve Beaufort Sea Boundary Dispute. Postmedia News. http://byers.typepad.com/arctic/2010/07/work-underway-to-resolve-beaufort-sea-boundary-dispute.html. Accessed 5 May 2015.
Briefing Book. (1969). Developments in the Arctic – Canadian Sovereignty. Briefing Book Prime Minister’s Meeting with President Nixon, Washington, March 24–25, 1969. Library and Archives of Canada Mitchell Sharp holdings. MG32 B41 Vol 136, 1973, File 17. Ottawa.
Burke, D. C. (2015). Marlene Laruelle, Russia’s Arctic Strategies and the Future of the Far North. Intelligence and National Security, 31(3), 456–460.
Byers, M. (2009). Understanding Sovereignty Disputes in the North: Who Owns the Arctic? Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.
Byers, M. (2010). Cold Peace: Arctic Cooperation and Canadian Foreign Policy. International Journal, 65(4), 899–912.
Byers, M. (2011). Cooling Things Down: The Legalization of Arctic Security. In Carnegie Council’s Program on U.S. Global Engagement: A Two-Year Retrospective Conference.
Campbell, J. (2012, April 16). Hans Island Deal Downplayed. Ottawa Citizen. http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/Hans+Island+deal+downplayed/6475505/story.html. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
Canada. (2010). Statement on Canada’s Arctic Foreign Policy: Exercising Sovereignty and Promoting Canada’s Northern Strategy Abroad. Government of Canada.
Canada. (2012). Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development, Number 055, 1st Session, 41st Parliament. Parliament of Canada. Evidence: Tuesday, November 20, 2012. http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=5849121. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
Canadian Coast Guard. (2013). Chapter 5: Shipping in the Canadian Arctic. http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/e0010979. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
Carnaghan, M., & Goody, A. (2006). Canadian Arctic Sovereignty. Canada’s Library of Parliament: Political and Social Affairs Division. http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/prb0561-e.pdf. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
CBC News. (2012, 29 November). Canada, Denmark Forge Tentative Deal on Lincoln Sea Boundary: Disputed Hans Island Not Included in Agreement. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/canada-denmark-forge-tentative-deal-on-lincoln-sea-boundary-1.1150969. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
Elliot-Meisel, E. (1998). Arctic Diplomacy: Canada and the United States in the Northwest Passage. New York: Peter Lang.
Elliot-Meisel, E. B. (2009). Politics, Pride, and Precedent: The United States and Canada in the Northwest Passage. Ocean Development & International Law, 40(2), 204–232.
Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada. (2012). Canada and Kingdom of Denmark Reach Tentative Agreement on Lincoln Sea Boundary. http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2012/11/28a.aspx. Accessed 15 Apr 2014.
Gautier, D. L., Bird, K. J., Charpentier, R. R., Grantz, A., Houseknecht, D. W., Klett, T. R., Moore, T. E., Pitman, J. K., Schenk, C. J., Schuenemeyer, J. H., Sørensen, K., Tennyson, M. E., Valin, Z. C., & Wandrey, C. J. (2009). Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas in the Arctic. Science, 324(5931), 1175–1179.
Government of Canada. (1980). Natural Gas Pipelines. Natural Resources Canada, Earth Sciences Sector, Atlas of Canada (5th ed.). http://geogratis.gc.ca/api/en/nrcan-rncan/ess-sst/1d31d0dc-ed33-5734-8867-da75d67797d1.html. Accessed 17 Jan 2017.
Government of Canada. (2016, December 20). United States-Canada Joint Arctic Leaders’ Statement. http://pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2016/12/20/united-states-canada-joint-arctic-leaders-statement. Accessed 14 Feb 2017.
Gray, D. (1997). Canada’s Unresolved Maritime Boundaries. IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin Autumn, pp. 61–70.
Gurney, M. (2012, April 11). Matt Gurney: After Eight Years, Canada and Denmark Are Ready to Talk Peace. The National Post. http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/04/11/matt-gurney-move-over-syria-canada-and-denmark-are-ready-to-talk-peace/. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
Hirsch, R. L. (1987). Impending United States Energy Crisis. Science, 235(4795), 1467–1473.
Huebert, R. (2002, December 28). Return of the Vikings. The Globe and Mail. p. A17.
Humphreys, A. (2012, April 11). New Proposal Would See Hans Island Split Equally Between Canada and Denmark. National Post. http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/04/11/new-proposal-would-see-hans-island-split-equally-between-canada-and-denmark/. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
Jull, P. (1987). Inuit Politics and the Arctic Seas. In F. Griffiths (Ed.), Politics of the Northwest Passage (pp. 46–66). Kingston/Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Kaplan, D. H. (1994). Two Nations in Search of a State: Canada’s Ambivalent Spatial Identities. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 84(4), 585–606.
Killaby, G. (2005–2006). Great Game in a Cold Climate: Canada’s Arctic Sovereignty in Question. Canadian Military Journal, 6(4), 31–40.
Kindred, H. M., et al. (2006). International Law: Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied in Canada. Toronto: Emond Montgomery Publications Limited.
LeGresley, E. (1993). The Law of the Sea Convention. Law and Government Division, Government of Canada. http://publications.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp322-e.htm. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
Lewington, J. (1987). Lessons of the Arctic Pilot Project. In F. Griffiths (Ed.), Politics of the Northwest Passage (pp. 163–180). Kingston/Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Lewis-Koskinen, S. (2010). U.S. – Canada Dispute Over Offshore Territory. Inventory of Conflict and Environment (ICE) Case Studies, number 228. http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/BEAUCANUS.htm Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
Mackrael, K. (2012, November 29). Canada, Denmark Closer to Settling Border Dispute. The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/canada-denmark-closer-to-settling-border-dispute/article5831571/?page=all. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
McDorman, T. (2009). The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 NM: Law and Politics in the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Transnational Law & Policy, 18(2), 155–193.
Morrison, J. (2006). The Impact of Oil in World Trade. The Global Business Environment: Meeting the Challenges. Palgrave Macmillan. http://www.palgrave.com/business/morrisongbe3/students/casestudies/14%20The%20impact%20of%20oil%20in%20world%20trade.pdf. Accessed 20 May 2014.
Munk School. (2011). Rethinking the Top of the World: Arctic Security Public Opinion Survey. EKOS Research Associates.
Nasr, F. A. (1984). Implications of the Recent OPEC “Crisis”. Journal of Economic Issues, XVIII(2), 483–491.
Parliament of Canada. (n.d.). Our Country, Our Parliament: An Introduction of How Parliament Works – The Division of Powers. http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/Education/OurCountryOurParliament/html_booklet/division-powers-e.html. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
Pharand, D. (1988). Canada’s Arctic Waters in International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Plourde, A. (1989). Canadian Fiscal Systems for Oil and Gas: An Overview of the Last Two Decades. Energy Studies Review, 1(1), 1–15.
Putnam, R. D. (1988). Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games. International Organization, 42(3), 427–460.
Rothwell, D. (1996). The Polar Regions and the Development of International Law. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Sale, R., & Potapov, E. (2010). The Scramble for the Arctic: Ownership, Exploitation and Conflict in the Far North. London: Frances Lincoln Ltd.
Sørensen, A. K. (2006). Denmark-Greenland in the Twentieth Century. Copenhagen: The Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland.
Steinberg, P. E., Tasch, J., Gerhardt, H., Keul, A., & Nyman, E. A. (2015). Contesting the Arctic: Politics and Imaginaries in the Circumpolar North. London/New York: I. B. Tauris.
Stevenson, C. (2007). Hans Off!: The Struggle for Hans Island and the Potential Ramifications for International Border Dispute Resolution. Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 30(1), 263–275.
The Globe and Mail. (2012, November 29). Canada, Denmark Forge Tentative Deal on Lincoln Sea Boundary. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/canada-denmark-forge-tentative-deal-on-lincoln-sea-boundary/article5789718/. Accessed 23 Mar 2017.
The Prime Minister’s Office. (n.d.). The Greenland Self-Government Arrangement. www.stm.dk/_a_2957.html. Accessed 10 Mar 2017.
Williams, C., & Smith, A. (1983). The National Construction of Social Space. Progress in Human Geography, 7(4), 502–518.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Burke, D.C. (2018). Chapter 5: Get Off My Property! Approaching the Boundary Disputes in the Arctic Archipelago Region. In: International Disputes and Cultural Ideas in the Canadian Arctic. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61917-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61917-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61916-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-61917-0
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)