Skip to main content

Pavement Modification Using Enzymatic Lime

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advancement in the Design and Performance of Sustainable Asphalt Pavements (GeoMEast 2017)

Abstract

Soil samples containing different clay fractions were subjected to lime stabilization, enzyme stabilization and enzymatic lime stabilizations in the laboratory. Unconfined Compressive Strength Tests were conducted to determine the optimum dosages of stabilizing agents. California Bearing Ratio Tests were then performed on samples stabilized with optimum dosages of lime, enzyme, and enzymatic lime respectively. These stabilized samples were tested at different periods of curing and showed that enzymatic lime stabilized soils delivered comparatively higher strengths. Based on the results of CBR tests, the modified thickness of flexible pavement is also discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bell, F.G.: Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils. Eng. Geol. 42, 223–237 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergado, D.T., Anderson, L.R., Miura, N., Balasubramaniam, A.S.: Soft Ground Improvement in Lowland and Other Environments. ASCE Press, New York (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, R.: Soil Stabilizer on Universally Accessible Trials. United States Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • BIS.: Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength, IS 2720 (Part 10): 1991 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • BIS.: Laboratory Determination of CBR, IS 2720 (Part 16): 1987 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao, L., et al.: Flocculations of organisms with clay. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Biotechnology, Tianjin, China on October 18–19, 2012, 1 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Che Mamat, R.B.: Engineering properties of Batu Pahat soft clay stabilized with lime, cement, and bentonite for subgrade in road construction. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudalakis, G., Gotsis, A.D.: Permeability of polymer/clay nanocomposites: a review. Eur. Polym. J. 45(4), 967–984 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.01.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, G.M.. The Central Role of Enzymes as Biological Catalysts. The Cell: A Molecular Approach, (National Library of Medicine) (2000). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9921/

  • Eren, Åž., Filiz, M.: Comparing the conventional soil stabilization methods to the consolid system used as an alternative admixture matter in Isparta Daridere material. Constr. Build. Mater. 23(7), 2473–2480 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.01.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eujine, G.N., Sankar, N., Chandrakaran, S.: The engineering behaviour of enzymatic lime stabilised soils. Ground Improv. (2016). doi:10.1680/jgrim.16.00014

    Google Scholar 

  • IRC.: IRC-37-2001: Guidelines for the design of flexible pavements, 37 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaac, K.P., Biju, P.B., Veeraragavan, A.: Soil stabilization using bio-enzymes for rural roads. In: Proceedings of the Conference by the Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, December 2003 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kassim, K.A.: Consolidation characteristics of lime stabilised soil. J. Civ. Eng. 12(1), 31–42 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalid, N., et al.: The California bearing ratio (CBR) value for banting soft soil subgrade stabilized using lime-pofa mixtures. Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 19A, 155–163 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, D.N.: Handbook for Stabilization of Pavement Subgrades and Base Courses with Lime. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Modarres, A., Nosoudy, Y.M.: Clay stabilization using coal waste and lime—technical and environmental impacts. Appl. Clay Sci. 116–117, 281–288 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.clay.2015.03.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Najmiah, N., Razap, B.A.: Effect of Lime on California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Soft Soils. B.E. Thesis, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • NLA.: Lime-Treated Soil Construction Manual Lime Stabilization & Lime Modification. National Lime Association (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, J.: Enzymes, the Physics and Chemistry of Life, pp. 171–173. Simon and Schuster, New York (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinck, L.A.: Adsorption of proteins, enzymes, and antibiotics by montmorillonite. Clays Clay Miner. 9(1), 520–529 (1960). http://www.clays.org/journal/archive/volume9/9-1-520.pdf

  • Ragassi, V.: Compressed Earth Block—Manual of Production. Manual of Production: Stabilization, 1 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C.D., Glendinning, S.: Improvement of clay soils in situ using lime piles in the UK. Eng. Geol. 47(3), 243–257 (1997). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795297000227

  • Rubens, B., Sheldon, R.M.: Objective Performance Measurement of Actual Road Sites Treated with an Organic Stabilizer. Nature Plus (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahu, B.K.: Improvement in California Bearing Ratio of Various Soils in Botswana by Fly Ash. International Ash Utilization Symposium, pp. 22–24 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shankar, A.U.R., Rai, H.K., Mithanthaya, R.I.: Bio-enzyme stabilised laterite soil as a highway material. J. Indian Roads Congress 553, 143–151 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherwood, P.: Soil stabilization with cement and lime. State of the art review. Tech. Rep. Transport Research Laboratory; HMSO, London (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shirsavkar, S., Koranne, S.: Innovation in road construction using natural polymer. Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 15, 1614–1624 (2010). http://www.ejge.com/2010/Ppr10.112/Ppr10.112a2r.pdf

  • Shukla, M., Bose, S., Sikdar, P.: Bio-enzyme for stabilization of soil in road construction a cost-effective approach. IRC Seminar: Integrated Development of Rural and Arterial Road Networks, (December), pp. 1–14 (2003). http://www.avijeetagencies.com/downloads/crrireport.pdf

  • Tingle, J., et al.: Stabilization mechanisms of nontraditional additives. Transp. Res. Rec. 1989(1), 59–67 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tran, T.D., Cui, Y.J., Tang, A.M., Audiguier, M., Cojean, R.: Effects of lime treatment on the microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of Héricourt clay. J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 6(5), 399–404 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2014.07.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trivedi, J.S., Nair, S., Iyyunni, C.: Optimum utilization of fly ash for stabilization of subgrade soil using genetic algorithm. Procedia Eng. 51, 250–258 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vedula, M., Nath, P., Chandrashekar, B.P.: A Critical Review of Innovative Rural Road Construction Techniques and Their Impacts. National Rural Roads Development Agency, New Delhi (2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Greeshma Nizy Eujine .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Eujine, G.N., Chandrakaran, S., Sankar, N. (2018). Pavement Modification Using Enzymatic Lime. In: Mohammad, L. (eds) Advancement in the Design and Performance of Sustainable Asphalt Pavements. GeoMEast 2017. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61908-8_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics