Abstract
There has been a remarkable development of nanotechnology and growing interest in the application of engineered nanoparticles in several products over the last decade. Their use in several consumer products have been associated with increased concern for human and environmental health due to the potential toxicological implications of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) released into the environment which could have adverse effect on bacteria-dependent processes. Despite the great research attention commanded by ENPs effect on biological systems in recent years, there is still a considerable challenge in the analytical procedures and evaluation. ENPs exert their antimicrobial effect through a wide range of mechanisms including the formation of reactive oxygen species, disruption of microbial physiology and metabolic processes although there is increasing evidence to suggest that ENPs could also augment microbial-mediated processes in the ecosystem. Although little is known about the environmental fate and transport of ENPs, wastewater would serve as a sink for most of the nano-enabled waste and by-products. To date, nano-ecotoxicological studies report contrasting findings on bacterial inhibition and/or stimulation, survival and death which are dose- and species-specific and analytical protocol-dependent. Further to this, studies are largely influenced by the exposure duration, the type and the composition of the environmental matrix tested, and the reactive properties of the ENPs. Without caution, the interpretation of ENPs ecotoxicological effect on microbial activity, community structure, composition and diversity by different analytical protocols can be true but misleading because ENPs are differentially toxic to diverse microorganisms in pure and mixed cultures. Therefore, the development of a general and holistic guideline for microbial nano-ecotoxicity evaluation can at best be described as work in progress.
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Eduok, S., Coulon, F. (2017). Engineered Nanoparticles in the Environments: Interactions with Microbial Systems and Microbial Activity. In: Cravo-Laureau, C., Cagnon, C., Lauga, B., Duran, R. (eds) Microbial Ecotoxicology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61795-4_5
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