Abstract
We introduce a fairly general concept of functional equation for k-tuples of functions f 1, …, f k : X → Y between arbitrary sets. The homomorphy equations for mappings between groups and other algebraic systems, as well as various types of functional equations and recursion formulas occurring in mathematical analysis or combinatorics, respectively, become special cases (of systems) of such equations. Assuming that X is a locally compact and Y is a completely regular topological space, we show that systems of such functional equations, with parameters satisfying rather a modest continuity condition, are stable in the following intuitive sense: Every k-tuple of “sufficiently continuous,” “reasonably bounded” functions X → Y satisfying the given system with a “sufficient precision” on a “big enough” compact set is already “arbitrarily close” on an “arbitrarily big” compact set to a k-tuple of continuous functions solving the system. The result is derived as a consequence of certain intuitively appealing “almost-near” principle using the relation of infinitesimal nearness formulated in terms of nonstandard analysis.
References
Albeverio, S., Fenstad, J.E., Høegh-Krohn, R., Lindstrøm, T.: Nonstandard Methods in Stochastic Analysis and Mathematical Physics. Academic, London (1986)
Anderson, R.M.: “Almost” implies “near.” Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 196, 229–237 (1986)
Aoki, T.: On the stability of the linear transformation in Banach spaces. J. Math. Soc. Jpn. 2, 64–66 (1950)
Arkeryd, L.O., Cutland, N.J., Henson, C.W. (eds.): Nonstandard Analysis, Theory and Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1997)
Boualem, H., Brouzet, R.: On what is the almost-near principle. Am. Math. Mon. 119(5), 381–393 (2012)
Czerwik, S.: Functional Equations and Inequalities in Several Variables. World Scientific, Singapore (2002)
Davis, M.: Applied Nonstandard Analysis. Wiley, New York (1977)
Engelking, R.: General Topology. PWN — Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa (1977)
Forti, G.L.: Hyers-Ulam stability of functional equations in several variables. Aequationes Math. 50, 143–190 (1995)
Grätzer, G.: Universal Algebra. Van Nostrand, Princeton (1968)
Henson, C.W.: Foundations of nonstandard analysis: a gentle introduction to nonstandard extensions. In: Arkeryd, L.O., Cutland, N.J., Henson, C.W. (eds.) Nonstandard Analysis, Theory and Applications, pp. 1–49. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1997)
Hilton, P.J., Stammbach, U.: A Course in Homological Algebra. Springer, New York (1970)
Hyers, D.H.: On the stability of the linear functional equation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 27, 222–224 (1941)
Hyers, T.H., Rassias, T.M.: Approximate homomorphisms. Aequationes Math. 44, 125–153 (1992)
Hyers, D.H., Isac, G., Rassias, T.M.: Stability of Functional Equations in Several Variables. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel (1998)
Kazhdan, D.: On ε-representations. Isr. J. Math. 43, 315–323 (1982)
Loeb, P.A.: Nonstandard analysis and topology. In: Arkeryd, L.O., Cutland, N.J., Henson, C.W. (eds.) Nonstandard Analysis, Theory and Applications, pp. 77–89. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1997)
Mačaj, M., Zlatoš, P.: Approximate extension of partial ε-characters of abelian groups to characters with application to integral point lattices. Indag. Math. 16, 237–250 (2005)
Mauldin, R.D.: The Scottish Book. Birkhäuser Verlag, Boston (1981)
Rassias, T.M.: On the stability of the linear mapping in Banach spaces. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 72, 297–300 (1978)
Rassias, T.M.: On the stability of functional equations and a problem of Ulam. Acta Appl. Math. 62, 23–130 (2000)
Rassias, T.M. (ed.): Functional Equations and Inequalities. Mathematics and Its Applications, vol. 518. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2000)
Robinson A.: Non-Standard Analysis (revised edn.). Princeton University Press, Princeton (1996)
Sládek, F., Zlatoš, P.: A local stability principle for continuous group homomorphisms in nonstandard setting. Aequationes Math. 89, 991–1001 (2015)
Špakula, J., Zlatoš, P.: Almost homomorphisms of compact groups. Ill. J. Math. 48, 1183–1189 (2004)
Székelyhidi, L.: Ulam’s problem, Hyers’s solution — and where they led. In: Rassias, T.M. (ed.) Functional Equations and Inequalities. Mathematics and Its Applications, vol. 518, pp. 259–285. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2000)
Ulam, S.M.: A Collection of Mathematical Problems. Interscience Publications, New York (1961)
Ulam, S.M.: Problems in Modern Mathematics. Wiley, New York (1964)
Zlatoš, P.: Stability of homomorphisms between compact algebras. Acta Univ. M. Belii. Ser. Math. 15, 73–78 (2009)
Zlatoš, P.: Stability of group homomorphisms in the compact-open topology. J. Log. Anal. 2:3, 1–15 (2010)
Zlatoš, P.: Stability of homomorphisms in the compact-open topology. Algebra Univers. 64, 203–212 (2010)
Acknowledgements
Research supported by grants no. 1/0608/13 and 1/0333/17 of the Slovak grant agency VEGA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zlatoš, P. (2017). Stability of Systems of General Functional Equations in the Compact-Open Topology. In: Brzdęk, J., Ciepliński, K., Rassias, T. (eds) Developments in Functional Equations and Related Topics . Springer Optimization and Its Applications, vol 124. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61732-9_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61732-9_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61731-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-61732-9
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)