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The Austrian Shadow and ‘The Slogan of Liberty’

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Abstract

The obsequiousness with which ‘von’ Hayek and ‘von’ Mises have been treated—especially in the United States—suggests that something other than scholarly detachment is present. As Hayek was writing The Road to Serfdom, ‘Ritter von’ Kuehnelt-Leddihn published The Menace of the Herd. Austrian School economists and philosophers openly embraced ‘natural aristocracy’ (Rockwell), monarchy, or anything but democracy (Hoppe), a ‘small, self-perpetuating oligarchy of the ablest and most interested’ (Rothbard) and a ‘really limited democracy’—‘dictatorial democracy’ (Hayek). After promoting ‘German and Italian’ ‘Fascists,’ including ‘Ludendorff and Hitler,’ Mises asserted that he had ‘not changed anything in the original text’ of Liberalism in the Classical Tradition and ‘did not influence in any way the translation.’ But his translator, the Mises Institute’s Ralph Raico, revealed that Mises was lying.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In this context, ‘qualified’ means possessing a history degree.

  2. 2.

    ‘Neither colleagues who read working papers, nor reviewers nor journal editors, are paying attention to the maths.’

  3. 3.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  4. 4.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Thomas Hazlett 12 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  5. 5.

    http://www.lfs.org/index.htm.

  6. 6.

    http://hope.econ.duke.edu/node/979

  7. 7.

    http://www.mossdreams.com/Design%202009/About%20Robert%20Moss/About_main_RM_bio_isad_version.htm

  8. 8.

    http://www.mossdreams.com/

  9. 9.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  10. 10.

    Hayek (1978) added: ‘But, after all, we had a great classical civilization in which religion in that sense was really very unimportant. In Greece, at the height of its period, they had some traditional beliefs, but they didn’t take them very seriously. I don’t think their morals were determined by religion.’ Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by James Buchanan 28 October 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  11. 11.

    http://www.rules.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=RuleXIX

  12. 12.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  13. 13.

    In ‘A Few Remembrances of Friedrich von Hayek (1899–1992)’ Paul Samuelson (2009) recalled Kahn’s ‘simple oral 1932 statement’: ‘If Hayek believes that the spending of newly printed currency on employment and consumption will worsen our current terrible depression, then Hayek is a nut.’

  14. 14.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  15. 15.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  16. 16.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Jack High date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  17. 17.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  18. 18.

    http://ecaef.org/sponsors/

  19. 19.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  20. 20.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Armen Alchian 11 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  21. 21.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  22. 22.

    Robbins (1976, 59, 1981, 9) twice misquoted Marshall by deleting ‘upward’ after ‘progress.’ The second misquote occurred in an IEA publication in which Henry Simon is reported as having used ‘chilling language’ in 1948, two years after his death (Seldon 1981, xiii).

  23. 23.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  24. 24.

    Rothbard (1994a, 10) continued: ‘Clearly, as we begin to work toward the pure model, as more and more areas and parts of life become either privatized or micro-decentralized, the less important voting will become. Of course, we are a long way from this goal. But it is important to begin, and particularly to change our political culture, which treats “democracy,” or the “right” to vote, as the supreme political good. In fact, the voting process should be considered trivial and unimportant at best, and never a “right,” apart from a possible mechanism stemming from a consensual contract.’

  25. 25.

    https://mises.org/profile/jeff-deist

  26. 26.

    https://mises.org/blog/jeff-deist-joins-mises-institute-its-new-president

  27. 27.

    http://www.newrepublic.com/article/politics/98883/ron-paul-incendiary-newsletters-exclusive

  28. 28.

    Mises’ (1985 [1927], 44) next sentence—‘The only consideration that can be decisive is one that bases itself on the fundamental argument in favor of democracy’—should be taken in the context of Mises’ anti-democratic contempt for the lower orders, and Hayek’s (1978) statement: ‘I believe in democracy as a system of peaceful change of government; but that’s all its whole advantage is, no other. It just makes it possible to get rid of what government we dislike.’ Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  29. 29.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Earlene Craver date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  30. 30.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Armen Alchian 11 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  31. 31.

    https://fee.org/articles/the-essence-of-the-road-to-serfdom-in-cartoons/

  32. 32.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  33. 33.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  34. 34.

    Hayek Archives Box 25.22.

  35. 35.

    ‘Even though Hayek himself disdained having his ideas attached to either party, he nonetheless provided arguments about the dangers of the unbridled growth of government’ (Caldwell 2010b).

  36. 36.

    Not all were Mont Pelerin Society members in 1974.

  37. 37.

    Conversation with David Henderson (7 July 2011), who attended the 1974 revivalist conference and heard Friedman make the remark.

  38. 38.

    http://www.citadel.edu/root/csb-faculty-staff/48-academics/schools/business/badm/22431-ebeling

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    Robert Leeson

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Leeson, R. (2017). The Austrian Shadow and ‘The Slogan of Liberty’. In: Hayek: A Collaborative Biography. Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61714-5_4

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