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Eugenics and the Austrian Third and Fourth Generation

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Abstract

Hayek ‘just learned’ that Mises ‘was usually right in his conclusions, but I was not completely satisfied with his argument. It became very largely an attempt to improve the argument, which I realized led to correct conclusions. But the question of why it hadn’t persuaded most other people became important to me; so I became anxious to put it in a more effective form.’ Mises was a card-carrying Austro-Fascist and member of the official Fascist social club; and the tax-exempt Rothbard celebrated the first bombing of the World Trade Center. This chapter examines the influence of eugenics on Hayek, Mises, and Rothbard plus the similarities between ‘von Hayek V’ and the founder of the British Union of Fascists, Sir Oswald Mosley, sixth Baronet.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.univie.ac.at/archiv/tour/21.html.

  2. 2.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten, 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  3. 3.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Axel Leijonhufvud, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  4. 4.

    Haberler Archives Box 3.2.

  5. 5.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Axel Leijonhufvud, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  6. 6.

    Before 1990, ‘finance’ was mentioned only twice in the Nobel citations: James Tobin (1981) ‘for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices’ and Franco Modigiliani (1987) ‘for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets.’ ‘Public finances’ are mentioned in James Buchanan’s 1986 citation.

  7. 7.

    http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1990/press.html

  8. 8.

    http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1997/press.html

  9. 9.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Earlene Craver, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  10. 10.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Armen Alchian, 11 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  11. 11.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  12. 12.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Thomas Hazlett, 12 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  13. 13.

    http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15637

  14. 14.

    Rockwell (2010) continued: ‘He was incredibly smart, and he loved liberty in the way that the men of the Enlightenment loved liberty: he didn’t believe that the state could do anything better than people can do for themselves … and he was an admirer of Robert Taft, not least because of his noninterventionist foreign policy. My father worked hard until the last moment he possibly could. So should we all.’

  15. 15.

    https://www.cato.org/people/nobel-index.html

  16. 16.

    Long became responsible for visas in January 1940.

  17. 17.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten, 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  18. 18.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Earlene Craver, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  19. 19.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten, 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  20. 20.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Armen Alchian, 11 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  21. 21.

    The Mises Institute was established in 1982.

  22. 22.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Bork, 4 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  23. 23.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Earlene Craver, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  24. 24.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Jack High, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  25. 25.

    Fürth Archives. Hoover Institution. Box 5.

  26. 26.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Earlene Craver, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  27. 27.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Armen Alchian, 11 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  28. 28.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by James Buchanan, 28 October 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  29. 29.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Axel Leijonhufvud, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  30. 30.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  31. 31.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  32. 32.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  33. 33.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  34. 34.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  35. 35.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten, 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  36. 36.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Jack High, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  37. 37.

    Mises (1985 [1927], 19) defined property as the ‘private ownership of the means of production (for in regard to commodities ready for consumption, private ownership is a matter of course and is not disputed even by the socialists and communists).’

  38. 38.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Bork, 4 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  39. 39.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten, 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  40. 40.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten, 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  41. 41.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Axel Leijonhufvud, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  42. 42.

    https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/chile/

  43. 43.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Thomas Hazlett, 12 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  44. 44.

    ‘A while ago I was a signatory to a truce between (for lack of better terms) the GMU Austro-libertarians and the Auburn Austro-libertarians. I pledged that not only would I not engage in conflict escalation between the two camps, but that I wouldn’t even make any internet comments that would likely induce others to do so [emphasis in original]’ (Murphy 2011).

  45. 45.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by James Buchanan, 28 October 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  46. 46.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  47. 47.

    Hayek Archives Box 34.17.

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Leeson, R. (2017). Eugenics and the Austrian Third and Fourth Generation. In: Hayek: A Collaborative Biography. Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61714-5_2

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