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Fighting to Prevent the ‘World from Being Made Safe for Democracy’

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Hayek: A Collaborative Biography

Part of the book series: Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics ((AIEE))

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Abstract

According to the Austrian School philosopher ‘Ritter von’ Kuehnelt-Leddihn, during the ‘Great’ War between the dynasties, ‘von’ Hayek and ‘von’ Mises fought to ‘prevent’ the ‘world from being made safe for democracy.’ Under feudalism and neo-feudalism, deference to the religious and social hierarchy had been the glue that enforced the loyalty of ‘subjects’ to ‘their’ monarch—but with universal franchise, ‘public opinion’ emerged as a quasi-religious glue to be manipulated by sovereign knowledge producers. Hayek, who is regarded as a ‘peach,’ devoted his career to recruiting ‘lemons’: ‘inferior mediocrities’ ‘in the hopes that ultimately they could be converted and transmit my ideas to the public at large.’ This chapter examines Hayek’s mission: ‘operating on public opinion’ through the ‘worst intellectuals.’

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Hutchison overlapped with Hayek at the LSE, 1947–1950.

  2. 2.

    ‘But as late as July or August of 1939, I went to Austria very much in the awareness that I could risk it, even though it was likely that war might break out at any moment, I knew those mountains so well I could just walk out’ (Hayek 1994, 137).

  3. 3.

    Hayek (2 February 1984) to William Johnson, Hayek Archives Box 29.38.

  4. 4.

    Seminar notes (16 February 1993). Fürth Archives Hoover Institution, Box 12.

  5. 5.

    Fürth Archives Hoover Institution Box 6.

  6. 6.

    Wieser also referred to ‘European Turkey’ and ‘western Russia.’

  7. 7.

    http://www.coordinationproblem.org/2014/06/robert-leeson-hayek-and-the-underpants-gnomes.html

  8. 8.

    ‘No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.’

  9. 9.

    http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/a1_9_8s2.html

  10. 10.

    http://mises.org/books/paine2.pdf

  11. 11.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Axel Leijonhufvud, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  12. 12.

    Mises’ (1985 [1927], 115) justification was that ‘In all areas of mixed nationality, the school is a political prize of the highest importance. It cannot be deprived of its political character as long as it remains a public and compulsory institution.’

  13. 13.

    http://austrianeconomists.typepad.com/weblog/2007/03/austrian_vices_.html

  14. 14.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Jack High, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  15. 15.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Axel Leijonhufvud, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  16. 16.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Earlene Craver, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  17. 17.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Leo Rosten, 15 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  18. 18.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by James Buchanan, 28 October 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  19. 19.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Bork, 4 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  20. 20.

    http://www.lfs.org/index.htm.

  21. 21.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  22. 22.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Bork, 4 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  23. 23.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by James Buchanan, 28 October 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  24. 24.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Earlene Craver, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  25. 25.

    Hayek Archives Box 38.28. Hayek asked Mitchell not to use this ‘knowledge’ in print.

  26. 26.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by James Buchanan, 28 October 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  27. 27.

    The analogous post-1815 Vienna System had largely been administered by the Holy Alliance between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian and Russian Empires.

  28. 28.

    Boettke is ‘Koch Distinguished Alumnus, Institute for Humane Studies’ (http://www.peter-boettke.com/bio/) and Candela is the Charles G. Koch Fellow (Suffolk University) and Koch Summer Fellow (Beacon Hill Institute). https://asp.mercatus.org/rosolino-candela.

  29. 29.

    As ‘Democrats and a hostile media will seek to make Trump the issue, the Republicans should, if she is nominated, make Hillary the issue. Do we really want to go back through all that again, or roll the dice on a better, brighter and surely more exciting future?’

  30. 30.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Axel Leijonhufvud, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  31. 31.

    Hayek Archives Box 52.20.

  32. 32.

    Hayek Archives Box 55.22.

  33. 33.

    Hayek Archives Box 55.13.

  34. 34.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Bork, 4 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  35. 35.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by James Buchanan, 28 October 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  36. 36.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  37. 37.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Bork, 4 November 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  38. 38.

    http://www.cbsnews.com/news/glenn-beck-obama-is-a-racist/

  39. 39.

    http://mskousen.com/online-press-kit/forecasts-strategies-trading-services-and-weekly-blog/ Accessed on 5 February 2017.

  40. 40.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by James Buchanan, 28 October 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  41. 41.

    http://contemporarythinkers.org/friedrich-hayek/multimedia/interview-hayek-gary-north-part-2/

  42. 42.

    For Hayek’s repeated use of the illegal ‘von,’ see Leeson (2015b, Chap. 1).

  43. 43.

    http://reagan2020.us/speeches/RNC_Convention.asp

  44. 44.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  45. 45.

    Wieser (1983 [1926], xxxix) expressed similar sentiments: ‘The inconceivability of the World War was followed by the inconceivability of inner decay … How could this all have happened? Had life not lost all of its meaning?’

  46. 46.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  47. 47.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Earlene Craver, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  48. 48.

    There is a difference between an unflattering analogy—‘like a great black swarm of tired winter flies’ (Koestler 1950, 19)—and a purported description—‘a swarm of intellectuals, academics, social scientists, technocrats, policy scientists, social workers, journalists and the media generally, and on and on’ (Rothbard 1992, 6).

  49. 49.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Jack High, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  50. 50.

    ‘Though nobody will regret that education has ceased to be a privilege of the propertied classes, the fact that the propertied classes are no longer the best educated and the fact that the large number of people who owe their position solely to the their general education do not possess that experience of the working of the economic system which the administration of property gives, are important for understanding the role of the intellectual.’

  51. 51.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  52. 52.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Jack High, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  53. 53.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Jack High, date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

  54. 54.

    The Act allowed newly inherited hereditary peerages to be disclaimed.

  55. 55.

    http://childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/

  56. 56.

    Friedrich Hayek, interviewed by Robert Chitester date unspecified 1978 (Centre for Oral History Research, University of California, Los Angeles, http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/).

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  1. Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

    Robert Leeson

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Leeson, R. (2017). Fighting to Prevent the ‘World from Being Made Safe for Democracy’. In: Hayek: A Collaborative Biography. Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61714-5_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61714-5_1

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