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Oxygen Demand in Sturgeon Farming

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The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) Volume 2 - Farming

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Abstract

O2 is paramount in aquaculture to ensure growth and welfare in fish. But the diffusion of O2 in water layers is very difficult, and suffocation may threaten the fishes continuously in intensive farming.

This study presents essential basic knowledge to appreciate the oxygen availability in water and oxygen demand in farmed sturgeons. In fish, because of the low O2 solubility of the water, a large volume of water must come in contact with the gas-exchanging surface at the gill level. Moreover, water is also over 800 times denser than air and 50 times more viscous, so fish must use more energy (5–30% of total energy) than terrestrial animals to simply move water across their respiratory surfaces. To maximize the diffusion of oxygen, fish use a process known as countercurrent flow, in which water and blood flow in opposite directions across the gills. Activity metabolism in Siberian sturgeon and critical oxygen concentration in water were also assessed as functions of temperature and body mass. Finally, to prevent a decrease of the oxygen availability in water and hypoxic stress consequences on fish growth, it is important to record the oxygen concentration in outflowing water and to observe the activity level of the fish.

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Abbreviations

\( {\alpha}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2} \) :

Carbon dioxide solubility

\( {\alpha}_{{\mathrm{O}}_2} \) :

Oxygen solubility

C sat :

\( {C}_{{\mathrm{wO}}_2} \) at air saturation

\( {C}_{{\mathrm{wO}}_2} \) :

Concentration of oxygen in water

FW:

Fresh water

HR:

Heart rate

[Lact−]:

Lactate concentration

M :

Body mass in g, kg called

MO2 :

Oxygen consumption

\( {\mathrm{Pa}}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2} \) :

Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure

\( {\mathrm{Pa}}_{{\mathrm{O}}_2} \) :

Arterial oxygen partial pressure

P B :

Barometric pressure in kPa, mmHg, Torr

\( {P}_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2} \) :

Carbon dioxide partial pressure

P DA :

Blood pressure in dorsal artery

P diff :

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

pHa:

Arterial blood pH

\( {P}_{{\mathrm{O}}_2} \) :

Oxygen partial pressure

\( {P}_{{\mathrm{wCO}}_2} \) :

Carbon dioxide partial pressure in water

\( {P}_{{\mathrm{wO}}_2} \) :

Oxygen partial pressure in water

Q 10 :

The ratio of MO2 at temperature (t + 10) °C over MO2 at temperature t °C

SW:

Sea water

t :

Temperature in °C

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Acknowledgments

We wish to gratefully acknowledge the efficient help of Dr. Nonnotte Philippe, research engineer, Geochemistry/TI-MS at the Geosciences Dept. of the Brest University (France), IUEM, UMR 6538, and to Christophe Nonnotte (S/A Flight Tests Aircraft Manager BSEMD) Airbus Industry Toulouse (France) in drawing the figures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 12 rue Marcel Pagnol, La Teste de Buch, 33260, France

    Guy Nonnotte & Liliane Nonnotte

  2. 4 rue du Pas de Madame, Audenge, 33980, France

    Patrick Williot (Sturgeon Consultant)

  3. Laboratoire ORPHY EA4324, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue le Gorgeu, CS 93837, Brest Cedex 3, 29238, France

    Karine Pichavant-Rafini

  4. Département Communication, Anglais, Sciences Humaines, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue le Gorgeu, CS 93837, Brest Cedex 3, 29238, France

    Michel Rafini

  5. Département Sciences de la Matière et de la Vie, Université de Bretagne Sud, BP 92116, Lorient-cedex, 56321, France

    Valerie Maxime

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  1. Guy Nonnotte
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  2. Patrick Williot
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  4. Michel Rafini
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  5. Valerie Maxime
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  6. Liliane Nonnotte
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Correspondence to Guy Nonnotte .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Audenge, France

    Patrick Williot

  2. La Teste de Buch, France

    Guy Nonnotte

  3. State Center for Sturgeon Gene Pool Conservation “Kubanbioresursi”, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia

    Mikhail Chebanov

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Nonnotte, G., Williot, P., Pichavant-Rafini, K., Rafini, M., Maxime, V., Nonnotte, L. (2018). Oxygen Demand in Sturgeon Farming. In: Williot, P., Nonnotte, G., Chebanov, M. (eds) The Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) Volume 2 - Farming. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61676-6_25

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