Abstract
Drilled shafts socketed into rock are widely used to transfer heavy structural loads through weak overburden strata to underlying bedrock, which can sustain the load. Numerous studies have been conducted in the recent years to predict the side resistance of rock socketed shafts under vertical loads. The problem is extremely complex owing to the large number of factors that affect the socketed shafts behavior. This study investigates the applicability of the existing empirical equations to predict the side shear resistance of drilled shafts socketed into rock using a compiled shaft load tests database. The compiled database is, also, analyzed to investigate the possibility of establishing an empirical equation for improving the prediction of side shear resistance of the drilled socketed shafts. In addition, an artificial intelligence approach, a fuzzy logic scheme, is established in this study to evaluate the applicability of such approaches to predict the side resistance of drilled shafts socketed into rock formation. The established approaches exhibited a good comparison between the predicted and the monitored values.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Brown, M., Harris, C.J.: Neurofuzzy Adoptive Modeling and Control, 1st edn. Prentice Hall, Hemel Hempstead (1995)
Carter, J.P., Kulhawy, F.H.: Analysis and design of drilled shaft foundations socketed into rock. Report EL-5918. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto (1988)
Chen, J.W., Chen, C.Y.: A fuzzy methodology for evaluation of the liquefaction potential. Microcomput. Civil Eng. 12, 193–204 (1997)
Chung, P.H.: Use of fuzzy-sets for evaluating shear strength of soil. Comput. Geotech. 17, 425–446 (1995)
Elton, D.J., Juang, C.H., Sukmaran, B.: Liquefaction susceptibility evaluation using fuzzy sets. Soil Found. 35(2), 40–60 (1995)
Gupton, C., Logan, T.: Design guidelines for drilled shafts in weak rocks of south florida. In: Proceedings of South Florida Annual ASCE Meeting, ASCE (1984)
Haykin, S.: Neural Networks. A Comprehensive Foundation, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (1998)
Horvath, R.G., Kenney, T.C.: Shaft resistance of rock socketed drilled piers. In: Proceedings of Symposium On Deep Foundations, ASCE, New York, pp. 182–214 (1979)
Horvath, R.G., Kenney, T.C., Kozicki, P.: Methods of improving the performance of drilled piers in weak rock. Can. Geotech. J. 20(4), 758–772 (1983)
Horvath, R.G., Schebesch, D., Anderson, M.: Load-displacement behavior of socketed piers-hamilton general hospital. Can. Geotech. J. 26(2), 260–268 (1989)
Jang, J.S.R.: ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 23(3), 665–685 (1993)
Jang, J.S.R., Sun, C.T.: Neuro-fuzzy modeling and control. Proc. IEEE 83, 378–406 (1995)
Jang, J.R., Sun, C., Mizutani, E.: Neuro-fuzzy and Soft Computing. Prentice hall, Upper Saddle River (1997)
Johnston, I.W.: New developments in the predictions of side resistance of piles in soft rock. Civil Engineering Department, The University of Monash, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (1992)
Juang, C.H., Wey, L.J., Elton, D.J.: Model for capacity of single piles in sand using fuzzy sets. J. Geotech. Eng. Div. ASCE 118(GT3), 475–494 (1991)
Juang, C.H., Lee, D.H., Sheu, C.: Mapping slope failure potential using fuzzy sets. J. Geotech. Eng. Div. ASCE 118(GT3), 475–494 (1992)
Juang, C.H., Huang, X.H., Holtz, R.D., Chen, J.W.: Determining relative density of sands from CPT using fuzzy sets. J. Geotech. Eng. Div. ASCE 122(GT1), 1–6 (1996)
Kartalopoulos, S.V.: Understanding Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic. Prentice Hall, New Delhi (2002)
Kulhawy, F.H., Phoon, K.K.: Drilled shaft side resistance in clay soil to rock. In: Proceedings of Conference on Design and Performance of Deep Foundation: Piles and Piers in Soil and Soft Rock, Geotechnical Specification, ASCE, New York, vol. 38, pp. 172–183 (1993)
Kulhawy, F.H., Prakoso, W.A., Akbas, S.O.: Evaluation of capacity of rock foundation sockets. In: Chen G. et al (eds.) Proceedings of forty US Symposium on Rock Mechanics. Anchorage, pp. 05–767 (2005)
Math Works Inc.: Matlab 9.0 User’s Guide. MATLAB, MA, USA (2009)
Mehrotra, K., Mohan, C.K., Ranka, S.: Elements of Artificial Neural Networks. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1997)
O’Neill, M.W., Reese, L.C.: Drilled shafts: construction procedures and design methods. Department of Transportation, Fedral Highway Administration (FHWA), Office Implementation, McLean, Va. FHWA Pbl. No. FHWA-IF-99-025 (1999)
Panozzo, G.L., Bauhof, F.C., Kulhawy, F.H., O’Brien, A.J.: Testing of drilled shafts socketed into limestone. In: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, St. Louis, MO, paper no. 1.47 (1993)
Pradhan, T.B.S.: Soil identification using piezocone data by fuzzy method. Soils Found. 38(1), 255–262 (1998)
Rahman, M.S., El-Zahaby, K.E.: Inclusion of fuzzy variables in geotechnical risk analysis. In: Yuan J.-X. (ed.) Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference of the Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechnics: Wuhan, China, 2–7 November, pp. 567–572 (1997)
Reynolds, R.T., Kaderbek, T.J.: Miami limestone foundation design and construction. J. Geotechn. Eng. Div. ASCE 107(7), 859–872 (1980)
Rosenberg, P., Journeaux, N.: Friction and end bearing test on bedrock for high capacity socket design. Can. Geotech. J. 13(3), 324–333 (1976)
Ross, J.T.: Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications. McGraw Hill, New York (1995)
Row, R.K., Armitage, H.H.: The design of piles socketed into weak rock. Research Report. GEOT-11-84, Faculty of Engineering Science, the University of Western Ontario, London (1984)
Samieh, A.M.: Prediction of friction capacity of driven piles in clay: a fuzzy logic approach. In: Proceeding of the tenth International Colloquium on Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Cairo, pp. 22–24 (2003)
Samieh, A.M.: Assessment of the friction capacity of bored piles in clay formations: artificial intelligence approaches. Eng. Res. J. 100, C123–C136 (2005)
Turner, J.: Rock-socketed shafts for highway structure foundation. In: A Synthesis of Highway Practice, NCHRP Synthesis 360, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington (2006)
Williams, A.F., Johnston, I.W., Donald, I.B.: The design of socketed piles in weak rock. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Structural Foundations on Rock, Sydney, vol. 1, pp. 327–347 (1980)
Williams, A.F., Pells, P.J.N.: Side resistance rock sockets in sandstone, mudstone, and shale. Can. Geotech. J. 18(4), 502–513 (1981)
Yen, J., Langari, R.: Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, Control and Information. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mahmoud, A.M.H., Samieh, A.M. (2018). Side Resistance Assessment of Drilled Shafts Socketed into Rocks: Empirical Versus Artificial Intelligence Approaches. In: Abu-Farsakh, M., Alshibli, K., Puppala, A. (eds) Advances in Analysis and Design of Deep Foundations. GeoMEast 2017. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61642-1_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61642-1_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61641-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-61642-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)