Skip to main content

Functional Analysis in Metagenomics Using MEGAN 6

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Functional Metagenomics: Tools and Applications

Abstract

Early microbiome studies focused on estimating the taxonomic composition of an assemblage of microbes using amplicon sequencing. With improved throughput and decreased cost of sequencing, whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing of environmental samples has become a standard procedure in microbial studies. This allows a more detailed analysis of the taxonomic composition and the analysis of the functional potential of a microbiome. Typical metagenomic projects may involve hundreds of samples and billions of reads. Fast sequence alignment tools and powerful analysis methods are an important requirement for any metagenomic study. Here we describe how to efficiently perform functional analysis of large-scale metagenomic datasets using a pipeline consisting of DIAMOND for sequencing alignment, MEGAN 6 for interactive exploration and analysis, and MeganServer for easy access to files.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Beszteri B, Temperton B, Frickenhaus S, Giovannoni SJ (2010) Average genome size: a potential source of bias in comparative metagenomics. ISME J 4:1075–1077

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buchfink B, Xie C, Huson DH (2015) Fast and sensitive protein alignment using diamond. Nat Methods 12:59–60. Published online 17 November 2014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings MP, Bazinet AL (2012) A comparative evaluation of sequence classification programs. BMC Bioinformatics 13:92. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3428669

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Eiler A, Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka K et al (2014) Productivity and salinity structuring of the microplankton revealed by comparative freshwater metagenomics. Environ Microbiol 16(9):2682–2698

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fierer N, Leff J, Adams B et al (2012) Cross-biome metagenomic analysis of soil microbial communities and their functional attributes. PNAS 109(52):21390–21395

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Greenblum S, Turnbaugh PJ, Elhanan B (2012) Metagenomic systems biology of the human gut microbiome reveals topological shifts associated with obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. PNAS 109(2):594–599

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greninger AL, Naccache SN, Federman S et al (2015) Rapid metagenomic identification of viral pathogens in clinical samples by real-time nanopore sequencing analysis. Genome Med 7:99

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter S, Corbett M, Denise H, Fraser M, Gonzalez-Beltran A, Hunter C, Jones P, Leinonen R, McAnulla C, Maguire E, Maslen J, Mitchell A, Nuka G, Oisel A, Pesseat S, Radhakrishnan R, Rocca-Serra P, Scheremetjew M, Sterk P, Vaughan D, Cochrane G, Field D, Sansone SA (2014) Ebi metagenomics–a new resource for the analysis and archiving of metagenomic data. Nucleic Acids Res 42(Database issue):D600–D606. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt961

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huson DH, Auch AF, Qi J, Schuster SC (2007) Megan analysis of metagenomic data. Genome Res 17:377–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huson DH, Beier S, Flade I, Górska A, El-Hadidi M, Mitra S, Ruscheweyh H-J, Tappu R, Poisot T (2016) MEGAN Community Edition - Interactive Exploration and Analysis of Large-Scale Microbiome Sequencing Data. PLOS Comput Biol 12(6):e1004957

    Google Scholar 

  • Huson DH, Mitra S, Weber N, Ruscheweyh H-J, Schuster SC (2011) Integrative analysis of environmental sequences using megan4. Genome Res 21:1552–1560

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kanehisa M, Goto S (2000) Kegg: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acid Res 28(1):27–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell A, Chang HY, Daugherty L, Fraser M, Hunter S, Lopez R, McAnulla C, Mc- Menamin C, Nuka G, Pesseat S, Sangrador-Vegas A, Scheremetjew M, Rato C, Yong SY, Bateman A, Punta M, Attwood TK, Sigrist CJ, Redaschi N, Rivoire C, Xenarios I, Kahn D, Guyot D, Bork P, Letunic I, Gough J, Oates M, Haft D, Huang H, Natale DA, Wu CH, Orengo C, Sillitoe I, Mi H, Thomas PD, Finn RD (2015) The InterPro protein families database: the classification resource after 15 years. Nucleic Acids Res 43(Database issue):D213–D221. doi:10.1093/nar/gku1243

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Overbeek R, Olson R, Pusch GD, Olsen GJ, Davis JJ, Disz T, Edwards RA, Gerdes S, Parrello B, Shukla M, Vonstein V, Wattam AR, Xia F, Stevens R (2014) The SEED and the Rapid Annotation of microbial genomes using Subsystems Technology (RAST). Nucleic Acids Res 42(Database issue):D206–D214. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1226

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell S, Szklarczyk D, Trachana K, Roth A, Kuhn M, Muller J, Arnold R, Rattei T, Letunic I, Doerks T, Jensen LJ, von Mering C, Bork P (2012) eggnog v3.0: orthologous groups covering 1133 organisms at 41 different taxonomic ranges. Nucleic Acids Res 40(D1):D284–D289

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qin J, Li R, Raes J et al (2010) A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 464:59–65

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Willmann M, El-Hadidi M, Huson DH et al (2015) Antibiotic selection pressure determination through sequence-based metagenomics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59(12):7335–7345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel H. Huson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Beier, S., Tappu, R., Huson, D.H. (2017). Functional Analysis in Metagenomics Using MEGAN 6. In: Charles, T., Liles, M., Sessitsch, A. (eds) Functional Metagenomics: Tools and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61510-3_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics