Sustainable Landscape Management and Landscape Management Labor Accounts

Abstract

There exist many kinds of landscape elements such as garden trees, roadside trees, urban gardens, parks, paddy fields, other farmlands, bamboo bushes, forest and so on. Human labor is required to maintain these green features. In this article, the concept of ‘landscape management labor accounts’ is proposed and investigated through some case studies. An annual personal labor account is a personal labor account required to maintain a targeted landscape element for 1 year. A personal labor account per area is the annual personal labor density needed to maintain one area for 1 year. Annual personal labor accounts range widely from 3 to 2340 man-hours per year. Also personal labor densities also show wide variation from 0.01 to 85.8. Five working style types can be distinguished according to the relationship between annual personal labor accounts and personal labor densities.