Abstract
Resilience in urban and regional planning means preparing for the unforeseen, being able to withstand disturbance, dealing with risks in a coordinated way and recovering from destruction and decline. This requires the development of flexible, adaptive and resistant city structures (social, physical and institutional) that can both reactively and proactively adjust or transform to changing conditions. Influential nodes of international discussion on resilience have evolved, with strong guidance provided by a group of research centers and universities which dedicate much of their work to the topic of resilience. However, thus far the city-region discussion has been dominated by research on the effects of natural events (mainly ‘disasters’), and climate change (as a slow burn) (Schiappacasse and Müller 2016). One of the challenges facing city planning researchers and practitioners is to build urban resilience. This can best be achieved by focusing on common research interests and promoting academic cooperation in various contexts and frameworks. The article focuses on answering the following two questions: (a) What do we know about resilience? This section includes a discussion on the conceptual understanding of resilience and the major areas of investigation. (b) Which research topics on resilience could become common research interests? This section of the article focuses on potential topics for joint research and academic cooperation between Japan and Germany.
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Notes
- 1.
R.A is a multidisciplinary international research consortium exploring the dynamics of social-ecological systems.
- 2.
- 3.
One main result of the Second World Conference on Disaster Reduction was the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). The HFA is the first comprehensive plan detailing the work required of different sectors and actors to mitigate the impact of disasters by building resilience (United Nation 2007).
- 4.
The International Conference on Building Resilience (lead by the Salford Centre for Education and Built Environment); and Resilience 2008 (organized by the Stockholm Resilience Centre in collaboration with the International Commission on Climate Change and Development).
- 5.
2nd International Conference on Urban Sustainability and Resilience, London; 4th Conference on Building Resilience, Salford; 3rd Annual Meeting of the ANDROID Disaster Resilience Network, Salford; 5th Global Forum on Urban Resilience and Adaptation, Bonn; 5th Conference on Community Resiliency, Arlington; Resilience 2014: Resilient and Development: Mobilizing for Transformation, Montpellier; IFRI Conference: Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition, Addis Ababa; Coastal Resilience Conference, Galveston; Regional Studies Association European Conference: Diverse regions building resilient communities and territories, Izmir; DLGS Conference: Resilience in Urban and Regional Development: from concept to implementation, Berlin; Urban Regions under Change: towards social and ecological resilience, Hamburg.
- 6.
The adaptive cycle (Holling 1986) describes how an ecosystem self-organizes and responds to a changing world. It consists of four phases: rapid growth (exploitation, r phase), conservation (K phase), release (creative destruction, Ω phase) and reorganization (renewal, α phase).
- 7.
See Footnote 6.
- 8.
Interview with Akihiro Ohta, Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Tourism, Japan. In PwC (2013) Rebuilding for resilience. Fortifying infrastructure to withstand disaster. Lessons from Japan: Setting the standards of resiliency.
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Schiappacasse, P., Müller, B. (2018). Identifying Gaps and Opportunities for Research on Urban and Regional Resilience—Highlighting the Advantages of Research Cooperation. In: Müller, B., Shimizu, H. (eds) Towards the Implementation of the New Urban Agenda. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61376-5_21
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