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Characteristics of Temporary Migration in European-Asian Transnational Social Spaces pp 139–159Cite as

The Diversity of Temporary Migration in the Case of a Transit Country: Experiences from the Asian-Hungarian Transnational Space

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Part of the book series: International Perspectives on Migration ((IPMI,volume 14))

Abstract

In Hungary migration, and particularly temporary migration, became an issue following the Communist regime’s four decades of controlled borders and limited transnational mobility. The late 1980s and early 1990s marked a turning point: the previously closed borders of ex-communist Central and Eastern Europe were opened, and, among other countries, Hungary faced increasing inflows of foreign citizens. The first waves came from countries adjacent to Hungary where, for historical reasons, considerable ethnic Hungarian populations lived within a short distance of Hungary. Brubaker (1998) has singled out ethnic Hungarians as a unique source of migration on account of their sheer numbers and the important mix of labour migration, where ethnicity plays a crucial role in engendering, patterning and regulating the immigration flows.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    As a result of the peace treaty concluding World War I, the population and territory of Hungary changed considerably and assumed its present form in 1920. A significant Hungarian minority remained in the territories assigned by the peace treaty to the neighbouring states (half of them to Romania, 27% to Slovakia, 13% to Serbia, 5.5% to Ukraine and the rest to Croatia, Slovenia and Austria, according to the census of 1910). Following the new status quo, various population movements occurred, but the situation remained essentially unchanged.

  2. 2.

    This is regulated by foreign policy and the immigration legislation. Migration strategy was first conceptualised in 2013.

  3. 3.

    According to the census of 2011, 85% of Southeast Asian citizens were living in Budapest or its surroundings and 77% in Budapest. The share is slightly lower for migrants from the Middle East.

  4. 4.

    The languages used in the interviews were English (32), Chinese (12), Vietnamese (9), Turkish (4), Japanese (4) and Urdu (1 – with an interpreter), while 18 were held in Hungarian. Whenever possible, interviews were conducted in the original language of the interviewee. Chinese was used by Chinese-speaking Hungarians.

  5. 5.

    Due to the relevance of temporary migration, Israel and Turkey have been included as intermediate countries between Asia and Europe.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kopint-Tarki Economic Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary

    Ágnes Hárs

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  1. Ágnes Hárs
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Correspondence to Ágnes Hárs .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Education, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland

    Pirkko Pitkänen

  2. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland

    Mari Korpela

  3. Fakultät für Soziologie, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

    Mustafa Aksakal

  4. Fakultät für Soziologie, Universität Bielefeld, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Kerstin Schmidt

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Hárs, Á. (2018). The Diversity of Temporary Migration in the Case of a Transit Country: Experiences from the Asian-Hungarian Transnational Space. In: Pitkänen, P., Korpela, M., Aksakal, M., Schmidt, K. (eds) Characteristics of Temporary Migration in European-Asian Transnational Social Spaces. International Perspectives on Migration, vol 14. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61258-4_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61258-4_8

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61257-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-61258-4

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