Abstract
This chapter considers the on-line monitoring in tribology and industrial lubrication. Basic characteristics of oil and laboratory analytical methods are discussed. It is shown that growing requirements to performance of oil promote the development of new methods and instruments for condition monitoring. The devices for on-line monitoring based on the analysis of oil viscosity, dielectric permeability, conductivity, as well as the acid and base numbers are reviewed. Fluorescence emission of oil was used to develop a method and sensor for detecting oil degradation. The concept of this method based on evaluating oil oxidation rate by recording the shift of fluorescence spectrum to the long-wave region is described. Test results for hydraulic oils are compared with the data measured by standard method. The fluorescent method is compared with other techniques, such as the titration method and IR spectroscopy, while measuring the oil oxidation of transformer oil. It is shown that fluorescence emission ratio gives sufficient information for evaluating the oil degradation in real time.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
L.V. Markova, N.K. Myshkin, M.S. Semenyuk, V.M. Makarenko, A.V. Kolesnikov, H. Kong, H.-G. Han, E.-S. Yoon, Methods and instruments for condition monitoring of lubricants. J. Friction Wear 24(5), 50–59 (2003)
F.M. Discenzo, C.-C. Liu, D.L. Feke, L.A Dudik, US Patent 6,023,961, G01N 009/00, G01N 011/16. Micro-Viscosity sensor and lubrication analysis system employing the same—No. 09/054,117. Filed 02.04.98. Published 15.02.00
A.T. Pérez, M. Hadfield, Low-cost oil quality sensor based on changes in complex permittivity. Sensors 11(11), 10675–10690 (2011). doi:10.3390/s111110675
S. Raadnui, S. Kleesuwan, Low-cost condition monitoring sensor for used oil analysis. Wear 259(7), 1502–1506 (2005)
K.M. Park, US Patent 6297733, B60Q 001/00. Stable, Reliable Capacitive Oil Deterioration and Level Sensor—09/710,588. Filed 10.11.00. Published 02.10.01
K.A. Degrave, US Patent 6443006, G02F 023/00; G08B 021/00. Device Which Measures Oil Level and Dielectric Strength with a Capacitance Based Sensor Using a Ratiometric Algorithm—No. 09/567,190. Filed 09.05.00. Published 3.09.02
J.D. Hedges, P.J. Voelker, US Patent 7,928,741, G01R 27/26; G01N 33/26. Oil monitoring system – No. 20090201036. Filed 13.08.09. Published 19.04.11
S. Moon, K.K. Paek, Y.H. Lee, J.K. Kim, S.W. Kim, B.K. Ju, Multiwall carbon nanotube sensor for monitoring engine oil degradation. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 9(8), H78–H80 (2006)
R.H. Hammerle, US Patent 5332961, G01R 027/02. Resistive Oil Quality Sensor—No. 06/927,618. Filed 06.11.86. Published 26.07.94
S.S. Wang, Engine oil condition sensor: method for establishing correlation with total acid number. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 86(2–3), 122–126 (2002)
S.S. Wang, H.S. Lee, P.B. McGrath, D.R. Staley, US Patent 5274335, G01R 027/26; G01N 015/00. Oil Sensor Systems and Methods of Qualitatively Determining Oil Type and Condition—No. 07/863,907. Filed 06.04.92. Published 28.12.93
T. Takahashi, T. Kondo, US Patent 6151956, G01N 003/56; G01N 009/24; G01N 033/26; G01N 029/18. Oil Deterioration Sensor—No. 09/148,508. Filed 04.09.98. Published November 28, 2000
F.J. Josse, D.S. Everhart, US Patent 5852229, G01N 027/00. Piezoelectric Resonator Chemical Sensing Device—No. 08/654,993. Filed 29.05.96/ Published 22.12.98
F. Dickert, P. Forth, P. Lieberzeit, G. Voigt, K.D. Marquardt, US Patent 6223589, G01N 033/26. Oil Quality Sensor—No. 09/299,126; Filed 26.04.99. Published 01.05.01
M. Barnes, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Practicing Oil Analysis 3 (2002), http://www.machinerylubrication.com
F.R. van de Voort, J. Sedman, D. Pinchuk, An overview of progress and new developments in FTIR lubricant condition monitoring methodology. J ASTM Int. 8(5) (2011). ID: JAI103344
Y. Takezawa, Y. Ito, J. Katagiri, US Patent Application 20020069021, G06F 019/00; G01N 031/00. Automobile Oil Deterioration Diagnosing Apparatus. Published 06.06.02
W.G. Kim, K.H. Oh, K.W. Chung, Y-W. Kim, US Patent 8752415, G01N 21/59. Method and system for measuring engine oil deterioration—No. 0130047708. Filed 28.02.13/ Published 17.06.14
C.M. Stellman, K.J. Ewing, F. Bucholtz, I.D. Aggarwal, Monitoring the degradation of a synthetic lubricant oil using infrared absorption, fluorescence emission and multivariate analysis: a feasibility study. Lubric. Eng. 55(10), 42–52 (1999)
R.B. Thompson, Z.F. Ge, M. Patchan, C.C. Huang, C.A. Fierke, Fiber optic biosensor for Co(II) and Cu(II) based on fluorescence energy transfer with an enzyme transducer. Biosens. Bioelectron. 11(6–7), 557–564 (1996)
J.B.T. Lloyd, The nature and evidential value of the luminescence of automobile engine oils and related materials. Part I. Synchronous excitation of fluorescence emission. J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 11, 83–94 (1971)
I.M. Warner, G.D. Christian, E.R. Davidson, J.B. Callis, Analysis of multicomponent fluorescence data. Anal. Chem. 49(4), 564–573 (1977)
J.F. Fantasia, H.C. Ingrao, The development of an experimental airborne laser remote sensing system for the detection and identification of oil spills. Proceedings of the 9th international symposium On Remote Sensing of the Environment, Ann Arbor, Michegan, (1974), pp. 1711–1745
E.M. Hegazi, A.M. Hamdan, J.N. Mastromarino, US Patent 6,633,043, G01N 021/64. Method for characterization of petroleum oils using normalized time-resolved fluorescence spectra—No. 10/059,020. Filed 30.01.02. Published 14.10.03
B.W. Wilson, T.J. Peters, C.L. Shepard, J.H. Reeves, US Patent 6,810,718, G01N 011/00. Apparatus and method for fluid analysis—No. 10/339,811. Filed 10.01.03. Published 02.11.04
C.V. Ossia, H. Kong, L.V. Markova, N.K. Myshkin, On the use of intrinsic fluorescence emission ratio in the characterization of hydraulic oil degradation. Tribol. Int. 41, 103–110 (2008)
H. Kong, E-S Yoon, H-G Han, L. Markova, M. Semenyuk, V. Makarenko, US Patent 7391035, G01N 21/64. Method and device for monitoring oil oxidation in real time by measuring fluorescence—No.11/407404. Filed 18.04.06. Published 24.06.08
I.A.R. Gray, A guide to transformer oil analysis, transformer chemistry services, http://www.satcs.co.za/Transformer_Oil_Analysis.pdf
EL-Sayed M. M. EL-Refaie, M.R. Salem, W.A. Ahmed, Prediction of the Characteristics of Transformer Oil under Different Operation Conditions. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 53, 764–768 (2009)
S. Deepa, R. Sarathi, A.K. Mishra, Synchronous fluorescence and excitation emission characteristics of transformer oil ageing. Talanta 70, 811–817 (2006)
B. Pradier, C. Largeau, S. Derenne et al., Chemical basis of fluorescence alteration of crude oils and kerogens: 1—microfluorimetry of an oil and its isolated fractions; relationships with chemical structure. Org. Geochem. 16(1–3), 451–460 (1990)
B. Wicaksono, H. Kong, L.V. Markova, H.-G. Han, Application of fluorescence emission ratio technique for transformer oil monitoring. Measurement 46(10), 4161–4165 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Myshkin, N.K., Markova, L.V. (2018). Methods and Instruments for Condition Monitoring of Lubricants. In: On-line Condition Monitoring in Industrial Lubrication and Tribology. Applied Condition Monitoring, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61134-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61134-1_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61133-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-61134-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)