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Obama and the United States–Pakistan Marriage of Convenience

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The World Views of the Obama Era

Abstract

Despite lofty expectations, United States–Pakistan relations worsened during the Obama administration. This souring of the relationship was brought about principally by Pakistan’s position as a frontline state in the US Global War on Terrorism. While that status helped Pakistan obtain substantial US aid during the Obama administration, it also came with frequent US violations of Pakistani sovereignty. The critical year of 2011 saw the near rupture in United States–Pakistan ties. While both Washington and Islamabad ultimately needed one another, considerable distrust continued for the remainder of the Obama administration. That distrust was amplified by the continued improvement in United States–India relations. And an effort to improve United States–Pakistan relations through a large multiyear commitment of US foreign aid failed to overcome elite disagreements as well as popular disapproval in Pakistan. Ultimately, US efforts to cultivate a positive image in Pakistan were insufficient to overcome a long history of mutual mistrust.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Today with Kamran Khan, November 5, 2008, in “Pakistan TV Show Discusses Obama’s Election as US President,” BBC Worldwide Monitoring, November 6, 2008.

  2. 2.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, questions 180, 768, and 770.

  3. 3.

    Barack Obama, Speech to the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, August 1, 2007. Accessed February 6, 2017. http://www.cfr.org/elections/obamas-speech-woodrow-wilson-center/p13974

  4. 4.

    Myra McDonald, “Obama’s Kashmir Comments Hit a Raw Nerve,” Reuters, November 3, 2008.

  5. 5.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, questions 399 and 634.

  6. 6.

    Bob Woodward, Obama’s Wars (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2010), 64.

  7. 7.

    Office of the Press Secretary, the White House, Remarks by the President on a New Strategy for Afghanistan and Pakistan, March 27, 2009. Accessed February 6, 2017. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-a-new-strategy-afghanistan-and-pakistan

  8. 8.

    Jim Hoagland, “Musharraf’s Obsolete Way,” Washington Post, August 5, 2007; Robert Pollock, “The Musharraf Exception,” Wall Street Journal, September 29, 2006.

  9. 9.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, question 185.

  10. 10.

    Woodward, Obama’s Wars, 4.

  11. 11.

    Tom Coghlan, Zahid Hussain, and Jeremy Page, “Secrecy and Denial as Pakistan Lets US Use Airbase to Hit Its Own Militants,” The Times (London), February 18, 2009.

  12. 12.

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  13. 13.

    Woodward, Obama’s Wars, 26.

  14. 14.

    Woodward, Obama’s Wars, 208.

  15. 15.

    The Civilian Impact of Drones: Unexamined Costs, Unanswered Questions (New York: Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School and Center for Civilians in Conflict, 2012), 20.

  16. 16.

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  17. 17.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, questions 226, 298, 428, 1607, and 1608.

  18. 18.

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  19. 19.

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  20. 20.

    Mark Mazetti and Scott Shane, “As New Drone Program Is Weighed, Few Practical Effects Are Seen,” New York Times, March 21, 2013.

  21. 21.

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  22. 22.

    C. Christine Fair, Karl Kaltenthaler, and William Miller, “Pakistani Political Communication and Public Opinion in US Drone Strikes,” Journal of Strategic Studies 38, no. 6 (September 2015): 852–872.

  23. 23.

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  24. 24.

    Steve Coll, “The Unblinking Stare,” The New Yorker, November 24, 2014.

  25. 25.

    Fair and Hamza, “From Elite Consumption to Popular Opinion.”

  26. 26.

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  27. 27.

    Carol Huang, “When Things Go Boom in the Night, Pakistanis Blame Blackwater,” Christian Science Monitor, February 19, 2010; Julie McCarthy, “Conspiracy Theories ‘Stamped in DNA’ of Pakistanis,” National Public Radio News, December 24, 2009.

  28. 28.

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  29. 29.

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  30. 30.

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  33. 33.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, question 1278.

  34. 34.

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  35. 35.

    Woodward, Obama’s Wars, 3.

  36. 36.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, question 209.

  37. 37.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, question 565.

  38. 38.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, question 1606.

  39. 39.

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  40. 40.

    Brig Gen Stephen A. Clark, USAF, “Investigation into the Incident in the Vicinity of the Salala Checkpoint on the Night of 25-26 Nov 2011” ([MacDill Air Force Base]: US Central Command, December 2011).

  41. 41.

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  42. 42.

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  43. 43.

    Maj. Gen. Ashfaq Nadeem quoted in C. Christine Fair, Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army’s Way of War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 196.

  44. 44.

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  45. 45.

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  46. 46.

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  47. 47.

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  48. 48.

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  49. 49.

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  50. 50.

    K. Alan Kronstadt, “Direct Overt US Aid Appropriations for and Military Reimbursements to Pakistan, FY2002-FY2017” (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, February 24, 2016).

  51. 51.

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  52. 52.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, questions 1029 and 2185.

  53. 53.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, question 745.

  54. 54.

    Susan B. Epstein and K. Alan Kronstadt, “Pakistan: US Foreign Assistance,” CRS Report for Congress, no. R41856 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, July 1, 2013); Kronstadt, “Direct Overt US Aid Appropriations…”.

  55. 55.

    “US Note Dilutes Some Conditions in Kerry-Lugar Bill,” Dawn (Pakistan), October 14, 2009.

  56. 56.

    Salman Masood, “Pakistanis View U.S. Aid Warily,” New York Times, October 7, 2009. Accessed February 14, 2017. https://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/10/07/pakistanis-view-us-aid-warily/?_r=0

  57. 57.

    Jane Perlez, “US Aid Plan for Pakistan is Foundering,” New York Times, May 1, 2011.

  58. 58.

    “The (Unspent) Money Trail,” Dawn (Pakistan), July 6, 2015. Accessed February 14, 2017. http://www.dawn.com/news/1192647/the-unspent-money-trail

  59. 59.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, questions 1426 and 1427.

  60. 60.

    Also see Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, question 1020.

  61. 61.

    Singapore Red Cross, “Pakistan Floods: The Deluge of Disaster—Facts & Figures as of 15 September 2010,” September 15, 2010. Accessed February 14, 2017. http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-floodsthe-deluge-disaster-facts-figures-15-september-2010

  62. 62.

    Office of the Spokesman, US Department of State, “Update: US Response to Pakistan’s Flooding Disaster,” September 15, 2010. Accessed December 23, 2016. https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2010/09/147200.htm

  63. 63.

    Alex Rodriguez, “US Aims to Wash Away Hatred in Pakistan Flood Relief Work,” Los Angeles Times, August 21, 2010.

  64. 64.

    Pew Global Attitudes & Trends Question Database, question 844.

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Clary, C., Siddiqui, N. (2018). Obama and the United States–Pakistan Marriage of Convenience. In: Maass, M. (eds) The World Views of the Obama Era. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61076-4_14

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