Abstract
Automated vehicles, if shared, have the potential to blur the lines between public and private transportation services. This chapter reviews possible future shared automated vehicle (SAV) business models and their potential impacts on travel behavior. By examining the impacts of non-automated shared mobility services like carsharing and ridesourcing, we foster a better understanding of how current shared mobility services affect user behavior. This serves as a starting point to explore the potential impact of SAV services. Several key studies covering the topic are discussed. Although the future of SAVs is uncertain, this chapter begins the dialogue around SAV business models that may develop, which are informed by current shared mobility services.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bankrate (2016) 6 firms that are testing driverless cars. www.bankrate.com/finance/auto/companies-testing-driverless-cars-2.aspx. Accessed 28 Nov 2016
Bansal P, Kockelman KM, Singh A (2016) Assessing public opinions of and interest in the new vehicle technologies: an Austin perspective. Transp Res Part C: Emerg Technol 67:1–14. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2016.01.019
Broggi A, Bertozzi M, Fascioli A, Conte G (1999) Automatic vehicle guidance: the experience of the ARGO autonomous vehicle. World Scientific, p 250. http://millemiglia.ce.unipr.it/ARGO/flyer.pdf
Business Insider (2016) Here are all the companies racing to put driverless cars on the road by 2020. www.businessinsider.com/google-apple-tesla-race-to-develop-self-driving-cars-by-2020-2016-4. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
CB Insights (2016) 33 Corporations working on autonomous vehicles. www.cbinsights.com/blog/autonomous-driverless-vehicles-corporations-list. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
Chen TD, Kockelman KM (2016) Management of a shared, autonomous, electric vehicle fleet: implications of pricing schemes. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) (2007) DARPA Urban Challenge, U.S. Department of Defense. http://archive.darpa.mil/grandchallenge. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
Davidson P, Spinoulas A (2016) Driving alone versus riding together—how shared autonomous vehicles can change the way we drive. TransPosition, Peter Davidson Consulting Pty Ltd
Dickmanns ED (2007) Dynamic vision for perception and control of motion. Springer, p 474. www.springer.com/engineering/mechanical+engineering/book/978-1-84628-637-7
EUREKA Network (2013) Programme for a European traffic system with highest efficiency and unprecedented safety (PROMETHEUS), Brussels. www.eurekanetwork.org/project/-/id/45. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
Forrest A, Konca M (2007) Autonomous cars and society. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, May 1, 2007. www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-043007-205701/unrestricted/IQPOVP06B1.pdf
Greenblatt JB, Shaheen S (2015) On-demand mobility, autonomous vehicles and environmental impacts, current sustainable/renewable energy reports. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Energy Technologies Area
IHS Automotive (2014) Emerging technologies: autonomous cars—not if, but when. www.ihssupplierinsight.com/_assets/sampledownloads/auto-tech-report-emerging-tech-autonomous-car-2013-sample_1404310053.pdf. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
Inrix Technology, Inc (2015) Key findings. INRIX 2015 Traffic Scorecard. http://inrix.com/scorecard/key-findings-us. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
Insurance Information Institute (2014) Self-driving cars and insurance, Sept, 2014. www.iii.org/issue-update/self-driving-cars-and-insurance. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
Martin E, Shaheen S (2011) The impact of carsharing on public transit and non-motorized travel: an exploration of North American carsharing survey data. Energies 4:2094–2114
Martin E, Shaheen S (2016) Impacts of Car2Go on vehicle ownership, modal shift, vehicle miles traveled, and greenhouse gas emissions: an analysis of five North American Cities. Transportation Sustainability Research Center, UC Berkeley
National Safety Council (2016) Statistics department: NSC motor vehicle fatality estimates. www.nsc.org/NewsDocuments/2016/mv-fatality-report-1215.pdf. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
Navigant Research (2013) Autonomous vehicles. Self-driving vehicles, autonomous parking, and other advanced driver assistance systems: global market analysis and forecasts, Aug 21, 2013. www.navigantresearch.com/research/autonomous-vehicles. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) (2008) National motor vehicle crash causation survey: report to congress. U.S. Department of Transportation, Report DOT HS 811 059, July 2008, www.nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811059.PDF
NYDMV (New York State Department of Motor Vehicles) (2012) Summary of motor vehicle crashes, 2012 Statewide Statistical Summary. http://dmv.ny.gov/statistic/2012nys.pdf. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
OECD/ITF (2016) Shared mobility: innovation for liveable cities. ITF Corporate Partnership Board Report, Paris
Rayle L, Dai D, Chan N, Cervero R, Shaheen S (2016) Just a better taxi? A survey-based comparison of taxis, transit, and ridesourcing services in San Francisco. Transp Policy 45:168–178. doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.10.004
Sessa C, Pietroni F, Alessandrini A, Stam D. Site D, Holguin P (2015) Results on the on-line DELPHI survey, CityMobil2, European Union Seventh Framework Programme
Shaheen S, Cohen A (2012) Innovative mobility carsharing outlook: carsharing market overview, analysis, and trends. Transportation Sustainability Research Center, UC Berkeley
Shaheen S, Cohen A (2015) Innovative mobility carsharing outlook. Transportation Sustainability Research Center, UC Berkeley
Shaheen S, Chan N, Bansal A, Cohen A (2015) Shared mobility: a sustainability and technologies workshop: definitions, industry developments, and early understanding. Transportation Sustainability Research Center, UC Berkeley
Shaheen S, Adam C, Zohdy I (2016) Shared mobility: current practices and guiding principles, FHWA-HOP-16-022, U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration
Tech Crunch (2016) Uber rival grab partners with Nutonomy to test self-driving cars in Singapore. https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/22/grab-nutonomy. Accessed 3 Nov 2016
The Washington Post (2016) How to get a free ride in a self-driving shuttle this summer. www.washingtonpost.com/news/innovations/wp/2016/06/16/how-to-get-a-free-ride-in-a-self-driving-shuttle-this-summer. Accessed 3 Nov 2016
UBER Newsroom (2016a) 5 benefits of carpooling using uberPOOL. https://newsroom.uber.com/5-benefits-of-carpooling-using-uberpool. Accessed 3 Nov 2016
UBER Newsroom (2016b) Pittsburgh, your self-driving Uber is arriving now. https://newsroom.uber.com/pittsburgh-self-driving-uber. Accessed 3 Nov 2016
United Nations (2014) Department of economic and social affairs: population division. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision—Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352). https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf. Accessed 1 Nov 2016
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the International Transport Forum (ITF) at the OECD for initial funding for this study as part of the Co-operative Mobility Systems and Automated Driving Roundtable during December 2016 in Ottawa, Canada. Specifically, we would like to thank Tom Voege of ITF-OECD for providing valuable feedback on the original roundtable paper. We would also like to thank Carlin Liao at TSRC, UC Berkeley for assisting with research related to this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Stocker, A., Shaheen, S. (2018). Shared Automated Mobility: Early Exploration and Potential Impacts. In: Meyer, G., Beiker, S. (eds) Road Vehicle Automation 4. Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60934-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60934-8_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60933-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60934-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)