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The Role of Microtubule Motors in mRNA Localization and Patterning Within the Drosophila Oocyte

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Oocytes

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 63))

Abstract

Messenger RNA (mRNA) localization is a powerful and prevalent mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation, enabling the cell to produce protein at the exact location at which it is needed. The phenomenon of mRNA localization has been observed in many types of cells in organisms ranging from yeast to man. Thus, the process appears to be widespread and highly conserved. Several model systems have been used to understand the mechanism by which mRNAs are localized. One such model, and the focus of this chapter, is the egg chamber of the female Drosophila melanogaster. The polarity of the developing Drosophila oocyte and resulting embryo relies on the specific localization of three critical mRNAs: gurken, bicoid, and oskar. If these mRNAs are not localized during oogenesis, the resulting progeny will not survive. The study of these mRNAs has served as a model for understanding the general mechanisms by which mRNAs are sorted. In this chapter, we will discuss how the localization of these mRNAs enables polarity establishment. We will also discuss the role of motor proteins in the localization pathway. Finally, we will consider potential mechanisms by which mRNAs can be anchored at their site of localization. It is likely that the lessons learned using the Drosophila oocyte model system will be applicable to mRNAs that are localized in other organisms as well.

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Abbreviations

bcd :

bicoid

dhc :

Dynein heavy chain

egl :

Egalitarian

grk :

gurken

khc :

Kinesin heavy chain

klc :

Kinesin light chain

osk :

oskar

RNP:

Ribonucleoprotein

tm1 :

Tropomyosin1

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to members of the Gonsalvez lab for critical reading and input on this manuscript. Projects on mRNA localization and microtubule motors in the Gonsalvez lab are supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01GM100088).

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  1. Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd., CB2917, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA

    Chandler H. Goldman & Graydon B. Gonsalvez

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  1. Chandler H. Goldman
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Correspondence to Graydon B. Gonsalvez .

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  1. Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

    Malgorzata Kloc

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Goldman, C.H., Gonsalvez, G.B. (2017). The Role of Microtubule Motors in mRNA Localization and Patterning Within the Drosophila Oocyte. In: Kloc, M. (eds) Oocytes. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 63. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_7

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