Abstract
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) involve in a variety of computing model integration and collaborative work. There are some problems such as un-unified design methods, worse elasticity, high complexity, difficult to implement cyber-physical co-design and co-verification, etc. Aiming at the co-design of embedded components, sensing components, controlling components, communication components and physical components in heterogeneous environments, this paper proposes the characteristics, architectures, technologies, and design methodologies of CPSs. It’s necessary to design CPSs in the model-driven design process to establish CPSs and confirm its correctness, support cyber-physical co-design and correctness by construction so as to avoid modifying repeatedly the design when problems are found in the system realization process, and provide the necessary theoretical and practical technical supports to establish CPSs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Marwedel, P.: Embedded Systems Design - Embedded Systems Foundations of Cyber-Physical Systems. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Wang, Y., He, L.: The application of CAN bus microcontroller MC9S08DZ60 in automotive electronic control unit. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Science and Engineering, pp. 2608–2611 (2013)
Lee, I., Hatcliff, J., King, A., Roederer, A.: Challenges and research directions in medical cyber-physical systems. Proc. IEEE 100(1), 75–90 (2012)
Sridhar, S., Govindarasu, M.: Cyber-physical system security for the electric power grid. Proc. IEEE 100(1), 210–224 (2012)
Ili′c, M., Xie, L., Khan, U., Moura, J.: Modeling of future cyber-physical energy systems for distributed sensing and control. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. Part A Syst. Hum. 40(4), 825–838 (2012)
Derler, P., Lee, E., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.: Modeling cyber-physical systems. Proc. IEEE 100(1), 13–28 (2012)
Lai, C., Ma, Y., Chang, S., Chao, H., Huang, Y.: OSGi-based services architecture for cyber-physical home control systems. Comput. Commun. 34(2), 184–191 (2011)
Fink, J., Kumar, V.: Robust control for mobility and wireless communication in cyber-physical systems with application to robot teams. Proc. IEEE 100(1), 164–178 (2012)
Tan, Y., Vuran, M., et al.: A concept lattice-based event model for cyber-physical systems. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, pp. 50–60 (2010)
Sha, L., Meseguer, J.: Design of complex cyber physical systems with formalized architectural patterns. In: Wirsing, M., BanĂ¢tre, J.-P., Hölzl, M., Rauschmayer, A. (eds.) Software-Intensive Systems and New Computing Paradigms. LNCS, vol. 5380, pp. 92–100. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89437-7_5
Wang, B., Zhou, T., Liu, J.: Recommendation Systems, Information Filtering and Internet-Based Information-Physics. Complex Syst. Complex. Sci. 7(2), 46–49 (2010)
Chen, H., Cui, L., Xie, K.: A comparative study on architectures and implementation methodologies of internet of things. Chin. J. Comput. 36(1), 168–188 (2013)
Yu, Z., Jin, H., Goswami, N., Li, T., John, L.: Hierarchically characterizing CUDA program behavior. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization, vol. 76 (2011)
Wang, C., Li, X., Zhou, X., Ha, Y.: Parallel dataflow execution for sequential programs on reconfigurable hybrid MPSoCs. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology, pp. 53–56 (2012)
Chen, Y., Chen, T., Guo, Q., Xu, Z., Zhang, L.: An elastic architecture adaptable to millions of application scenarios. In: Park, J.J., Zomaya, A., Yeo, S.-S., Sahni, S. (eds.) NPC 2012. LNCS, vol. 7513, pp. 188–195. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35606-3_22
Tokuno, K., Yamada, S.: Codesign-oriented performability modeling for hardware- software systems. IEEE Trans. Reliab. 60(1), 171–179 (2011)
Song, T., Kim, J., Pak, J., Kim, J.: Chip-package co-modeling & verification of noise coupling & generation in CMOS DC/DC buck converter. In: Proceedings of the International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, pp. 285–288 (2009)
Fan, G., Yu, H., Chen, L., Liu, D.: Strategy driven modeling and analysis of reliable embedded systems. J. Softw. 22(6), 1123–1139 (2011)
Wan, J., Zhang, D., Zhao, S., et al.: Context-aware vehicular cyber-physical systems with cloud support: architecture, challenges, and solutions. Commun. Mag. IEEE 52(8), 106–113 (2014)
Zhang, Z., Porter, J., Eyisi, E., et al.: Co-simulation framework for design of time-triggered cyber physical systems. In: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, pp. 119–128 (2013)
Molina, J., Damm, M., Haase, J., Holleis, E., Grimm, C.: Model based design of distributed embedded cyber physical systems. In: Haase, J. (ed.) Models, Methods, and Tools for Complex Chip Design. LNEE, vol. 265, pp. 127–143. Springer, Cham (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01418-0_8
Shin, D., He, S., Zhang, J.: Robust, secure, and cost-effective design for cyber-physical systems. IEEE Intell. Syst. 29(1), 66–69 (2014)
Rajhans, A., Bhave, A., Ruchkin, I., et al.: Supporting heterogeneity in cyber-physical systems architectures. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control’s Spec. Issue Control Cyber-Phys. Syst. 59(12), 3178–3193 (2014)
Li, H., Dimitrovski, A., Song, J., Han, Z.: Communication infrastructure design in cyber physical systems with applications in smart grids: a hybrid system framework. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 16(3), 1689–1708 (2014)
Xia, Y., Dai, G., Tang, F., Zhu, Q.: A stochastic-petri-net-based model for ontology-based service compositions. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering, pp. 187–190 (2011)
Ding, Z., Jiang, C., Zhou, M., Zhang, Y.: Preserving languages and properties in stepwise refinement-based synthesis of petri nets. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A Syst. Hum. 38(4), 791–801 (2008)
Liu, S., Mu, C.: Petri net EPRES for embedded system modeling. J. Tsinghua Univ. (Science and Technology) 49(4), 490–493 (2009)
Hao, K., Guo, X., Li, X.: The Pi+ Calculus-An extension of the pi calculus for expressing petri nets. Chin. J. Comput. 34(2), 193–203 (2011)
Xu, Y., Gao, P., Liu, Z., Xu, P.: Armed forces knowledge management risk evaluation based on FNN. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, pp. 1833–1837(2011)
Roy, N., Dubey, A., Gokhale, A., Dowdy, L.: A capacity planning process for performance assurance of component-based distributed systems. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Performance Engineering - A Joint Meeting of WOSP/SIPEW, pp. 259–270 (2011)
Bliudze, S., Sifakis, J.: Synthesizing glue operators from glue constraints for the construction of component-based systems. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Composition, pp. 51–67 (2011)
Dang, T., Jeannet, B., Testylier, R.: Verification of embedded control program. In: Proceedings of the European Control Conference (ECC 2013), pp. 4252–4256 (2013)
Yan, Y., Wang, W., Wu, H.: Research and implementation of embedded PLC Domain-oriented Component-based model. Comput. Appl. Softw. 29(2), 125–128 (2012)
Lee, E.: The past, present and future of cyber-physical systems: a focus on models. Sensors 15(3), 4837–4869 (2015)
Guo, B., Zeng, S., et al.: Hierarchical control and data flow graph modeling method in energy-aware hardware/software partitioning. Sichuan Daxue Xuebao 43(4), 83–88 (2011)
Sztipanovits, J., Bapty, T., Neema, S., Howard, L., Jackson, E.: OpenMETA: a model- and component-based design tool chain for cyber-physical systems. In: Bensalem, S., Lakhneck, Y., Legay, A. (eds.) ETAPS 2014. LNCS, vol. 8415, pp. 235–248. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54848-2_16
Poovendran, R.: Cyber-physical systems: close encounters between two parallel worlds. Proc. IEEE 98(8), 1363–1366 (2010)
Wan, K., Hughes, D., Man, K., et al.: investigation on composition mechanisms for cyber physical systems. Int. J. Des. Anal. Tools Circuits Syst. 2(1), 30–40 (2011)
Liu, Z., Yang, D., Wen, D., Zhang, W., Mao, W.: Cyber-physical-social systems for command and control. IEEE Intell. Syst. 26(4), 492–496 (2011)
Zeigler, B.: Requirements for standards based dynamic interoperation of critical infrastructure models. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Grand Challengers in Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis for Homeland Security, pp. 1–5 (2010)
Liu, C., Wang, W., Zhu, Y.: Research on a composable modeling approach of embedding the state machine into DEVS. J. Nat. Univ. Defense Technol. 27(5), 56–61 (2005)
Taha, W., Brauner, P., Zeng, Y., et al.: A core language for executable models of cyber-physical systems. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW 2012), pp. 303–308 (2012)
Eidson, J., Lee, E., Matic, S., Seshia, S., Zou, J.: A time-centric model for cyber-physical applications. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Model Based Architecting and Construction of Embedded System, pp. 21–35 (2010)
Zhang, Z., Eyisi, E., Koutsoukos, X., et al.: A co-simulation framework for design of time-triggered automotive cyber physical systems. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 43(4), 16–33 (2014)
Talcott, C.: Cyber-physical systems and events. In: Wirsing, M., BanĂ¢tre, J.-P., Hölzl, M., Rauschmayer, A. (eds.) Software-Intensive Systems and New Computing Paradigms. LNCS, vol. 5380, pp. 101–115. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89437-7_6
Parolini, L., Sinopoli, B., Krogh, B., Wang, Z.: A cyber-physical systems approach to data center modeling and control for energy efficiency. Proc. IEEE 100(1), 254–268 (2012)
Saber, A., Venayagamoorthy, G.: Efficient utilization of renewable energy sources by gridable vehicles in cyber-physical energy systems. IEEE Syst. J. 4(3), 285–294 (2010)
Saeedloei, N., Gupta, G.: A logic-based modeling and verification of CPS. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGBED Review - Work-in-Progress (WiP) Session of the 2nd International Conference on Cyber Physical Systems, vol. 8(2), pp. 31–34(2011)
Lin, J., Sedigh, S., Hurson, R.: An agent-based approach to reconciling data heterogeneity in cyber-physical systems. In: IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops and Phd Forum, pp. 93–103 (2011)
Xie, K., Chen, H., Li, C.: PMDA: a physical model driven software architecture for internet of things. J. Comput. Res. Dev. 50(6), 1185–1197 (2013)
Pan, G., Li, S., Chen, Y.: ScudContext: large-scale environmental context services infrastructure towards cyber-physical space integration. J. Zhejiang Univ. (Eng. Sci.) 45(6), 990–991 (2011)
Zhao, J., Wen, F., Xue, Y., Dong, Z.: Modeling analysis and control research framework of cyber physical power systems. Autom. Electr. Power Syst. 35(16), 1–8 (2011)
Ma, H., Song, Y., Yu, S., Ma, H., Song, Y., Yu, S., et al.: The research of IoT architecture model and internetworking mechanism. Sci. Sinica 43(10), 1183–1197 (2013)
Krishna, V., Saritha, V., Sultana, P.: Cyber physical internet. challenges, opportunities, and dimensions of cyber-physical systems. pp. 76–97 (2015)
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank our colleagues and students in Engineering Technology Research Center of Network and Information Security at Anhui Normal University. We thank National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61572036, University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province under Grant No. KJ2014A084, Anhui Province University Outstanding Youth Talent Support Program under Grant No. gxyqZD2016026 and Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 1708085MF156.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liu, C. et al. (2017). Characteristic, Architecture, Technology, and Design Methodology of Cyber-Physical Systems. In: Chen, F., Luo, Y. (eds) Industrial IoT Technologies and Applications. Industrial IoT 2017. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 202. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60753-5_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60753-5_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60752-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60753-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)