Abstract
Here we describe how the inclusion of electrochemical characterization methods alongside photonic sensing not only allows us to combine the complementary information contained within the two measurement domains, but also to exploit electrochemical processes to selectively modify the silicon surface and to regulate the local surface chemistry.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
J. Pinson, F. Podvorica, Attachment of organic layers to conductive or semiconductive surfaces by reduction of diazonium salts. Chem. Soc. Rev. 34, 429–439 (2005)
J. Pinson, M. Delamar, R. Hitmi, J. Michel, Covalent modification of carbon surfaces by grafting of functionalized aryl radicals produced from electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114(14), 5883–5884 (1992)
S. Gam-Derouich, C. Mangeney, S. Mahouche-Chergui, M. M. Chehimi, Aryl diazonium salts: a new class of coupling agents for bonding polymers, biomacromolecules and nanoparticles to surfaces. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 4143–4166 (2011)
T. Waitz, T. Prohaska, W. Lindner, H. Hinterwirth, S. Kappel, M. Lmmerhofer, Quantifying thiol ligand density of self-assembled monolayers on gold nanoparticles by inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry. ACS Nano 7(2), 1129–1136 (2013)
L.F. Policar, D. Evrard, V. Balland, B. Limoges, Electrochemical functionalization of carbon surfaces by aromatic azide or alkyne molecules: A versatile platform for click chemistry. Chem. A Eur. J. 14(30), 9286–9291 (2008)
S.H. DuVall, F. Anariba, R. L. McCreery, Mono- and multilayer formation by diazonium reduction on carbon surfaces monitored with atomic force microscopy scratching. Anal. Chem. 75, 3837–3844 (2003)
D.J. Garrett, V. Nock, B.S. Flavel, A.J. Gross, A.J. Downard, A simple approach to patterned protein immobilization on silicon via electrografting from diazonium salt solutions. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2(4), 1184–1190 (2010)
Robert R. Gagne, Carl A. Koval, George C. Lisensky, Ferrocene as an internal standard for electrochemical measurements. Inorg. Chem. 19(9), 2854–2855 (1980)
A. Michael, On the addition of sodium acetoacetate- and sodium malonic acid esters to the esters of unsaturated acids. Am. Chem. J. 9, 115 (1887)
T. Miyadera, E.M. Kosower, Receptor site labeling through functional groups. 2. reactivity of maleimide groups. J. Med. Chem. 15(5), 534–537 (1972)
D. Langford, R. Bonand, E. Koutsoumpeli, J. Murray, S. Johnson, Probing molecular interactions with methylene blue derivatized self-assembled monolayers. Sens. BioSensing Res., 1–6 (2015)
H. Kolb, M.G. Finn, K.B. Sharpless, Click chemistry: Diverse chemical function from a few good reactions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40, 2004–2021 (2001)
I.S. Choi, Y.S. Chi, Surface reactions on demand: Electrochemical control of sam-based reactions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45(30), 4894–4897 (2006)
Y. Zhao, X. Zhao, G. Zhongze, Photonic crystals in bioassays. Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(18), 2970–2988 (2010)
W. C. Lai, C.Y. Lin, Y. Zou, S. Chakravarty, R.T. Chen, Methods to array photonic crystal microcavities for high throughput high sensitivity biosensing on a silicon-chip based platform. Lab Chip, 12, 2309–2312 (2012)
Genalyte (2009), http://www.http://genalyte.com/
B. Spaugh, F. Tybor, W.G. Gunn, M. Hochberg, T. Baehr-Jones, R.C. Bailey, M. Iqbal, M.A. Gleeson, L.C. Gunn, Label-free biosensor arrays based on silicon ring resonators and high-speed optical scanning instrumentation. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(3), 654–661 (2010)
A. Kazmierczak, F. Dortu, M.J. Banuls Polo, A. Maquieira Catala, G.M. Kresbach, T. Sohlstreom, T. Moh, L. Vivien, J. Popplewell, G. Ronan, A. Barrios, G. Stemmea, K.B. Gylfason, W. van der Wijngaarta, A packaged optical slot-waveguide ring resonator sensor array for multiplex label-free assays in labs-on-chips. Lab Chip 10(5), 281–290 (2010)
V. Sanz, J. Berthelot, J. L. Garcia-Cordero, J. Renger, S. J. Maerkl, M. P Kreuzer, S. Acimovic, M. A. Ortega, R. Quidant, Lspr chip for parallel, rapid, and sensitive detection of cancer markers in serum. Nano Lett. 14(5), 2636–2641 (2014)
M. Soler, M. C. Estevez, M. Alvarez, M. A. Otte, B. Sepulveda, L. M. Lechuga, Direct detection of protein biomarkers in human fluids using site-specific antibody immobilization strategies. Sensors, 14(2), 2239 (2014)
J.W. Chamberlain, E.D. Christensen, M. HochbergD, M.J.T. Kirk, G.E. Fridley, D.M. Ratner, Multiplexed inkjet functionalization of silicon photonic biosensors. Lab Chip 11(7), 1372–1377 (2011)
A. J. Qavi, M. S Luchansky, A. L. Washburn, M. S. McClellan, J. T. Kindt, R. C. Bailey. Silicon photonic microring resonator arrays for scalable and multiplexable bioanalysis. Proc. SPIE, 7888, 788802–788802–4 (2011)
V.M. Kurt, M.A. Ratner, Electron tunneling in solid-state electron-transfer reactions. Chem. Rev. 87(1), 113–153 (1987)
S. Palacin, J. Leroy, F. D. Del, L. Zagonel, N. Barrett, O. Renault, A. Bailly, J. Charlier, D. Mariolle, Local silicon doping as a promoter of patterned electrografting of diazonium for directed surface functionalization. J. Mater. Chem. 18, 3136–3142 (2008)
J. Leroy, D. D. Frari, Z. Doriane, N. Barette, O. Renault, A. Bailly D. Mariolle J. Charlier, S. Palacin, Local silicon doping as a promoter of patterned electrografting of diazonium for directed surface functionalization. J. Mater. Chem. 18, 3136–3142 (2008)
C. Bureau, J. Charlier, E. Clolus, S. J. Palacin, Selectivity of organic grafting as a function of the nature of semiconducting substrates. J. Electroanal. Chem. 625(1), 97–100 (2009)
M.J. Heller, DNA microarray technology: Devices, systems, and applications. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 4, 129–153 (2002)
H-Y. Wu, F. Yang, N. Ganesh, D. O. Gonzalez, G. Bollero, L. O. Vodkin P. C. Mathias, S. I. Jones, B. T. Cunningham, Improved sensitivity of dna microarrays using photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence. Anal. Chem. 82(16), 6854–6861 (2010)
J.S. Bois, B.R. Wolfe, M.B. Pierce, A.R. Khan, R.M. Dirks, J.N. Zdeh, C.D. Steenberg, N.A. Pierce, Nupack: Analysis and design of nucleic acid systems. J. Comput. Chem. 32(1), 170–173 (2011)
I. S. Presolski, Vu Phong Hong, M.G. Finn, Copper-Catalyzed AzideAlkyne Click Chemistry for Bioconjugation. Wiley Inc. (2009)
A.J. Heeger, K.W. Plaxco, F. Ricci, R.Y. Lai, J.J. Sumner, Effect of molecular crowding on the response of an electrochemical DNA sensor. Langmuir 23(12), 6827–6834 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Juan Colás, J. (2017). Study and Application of Electrografted Layers of Diazonium Ions. In: Dual-Mode Electro-photonic Silicon Biosensors. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60501-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60501-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60500-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60501-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)