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Vaccine Science and Immunology

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Vaccine Science and Immunization Guideline

Abstract

The first vaccines were made from intact or weakened infectious agents. An improved understanding of the immune system has fostered the development of additional types of vaccines, which provide immunity without risk of infection. These newer types of vaccines can be helpful when immunizing special populations, such as newborns or geriatric patients, who may have weakened immune systems. Modern vaccines may also contain additional materials such as adjuvants, which enhance immunogenicity. Antibiotics and preservatives may be used to prevent contamination during manufacture or after distribution.

In many instances, immunization may reduce the risk of infection not just for the vaccinated individual but for the community at large. The proportion of a population needed to be immune in order to provide herd immunity varies; the more contagious a disease, the higher the vaccination rate needed to develop or maintain herd immunity. Case studies illustrate both successes and failures of the beneficial effects of high vaccination rates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family, Community, and Preventive Health, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Jennifer L. Hamilton MD, PhD

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  1. Jennifer L. Hamilton MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Jennifer L. Hamilton MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    Pamela G. Rockwell, DO

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Hamilton, J.L. (2017). Vaccine Science and Immunology. In: Rockwell, DO, P. (eds) Vaccine Science and Immunization Guideline. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60471-8_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60471-8_2

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