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Beneficial Effects of Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite on Vascular Function and Blood Pressure in Diabetes

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Mechanisms of Vascular Defects in Diabetes Mellitus

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 17))

Abstract

The potential property of inorganic nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2) to convert to nitric oxide (NO ) , a key regulator of vascular homeostasis and a natural vasodilator , has highlighted these anions as therapeutic options in vascular abnormalities and hypertension states. Pre-clinical studies confirmed the protective effects of NO3 and NO2 against ischemia-reperfusion injury, arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Clinical studies also revealed that short-term supplementation with NO3 and NO2 could improve endothelial function, decrease arterial stiffness, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and effectively decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In summary, supplementation with inorganic NO3 and NO2 represents a promising therapy for treatment of vascular dysfunction and hypertension in humans. To confirm cardioprotective effects of inorganic NO3/NO2 in diabetic patients, clinical studies with a dose-response design and a longer-duration, are highly recommended.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Bahadoran Ph.D & Parvin Mirmiran Ph.D

  2. Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Asghar Ghasemi Ph.D

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  1. Zahra Bahadoran Ph.D
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  2. Parvin Mirmiran Ph.D
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  3. Asghar Ghasemi Ph.D
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Correspondence to Asghar Ghasemi Ph.D .

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  1. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    C.C. Kartha

  2. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    Surya Ramachandran

  3. Translational Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    Radhakrishna M. Pillai

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Bahadoran, Z., Mirmiran, P., Ghasemi, A. (2017). Beneficial Effects of Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite on Vascular Function and Blood Pressure in Diabetes. In: Kartha, C., Ramachandran, S., Pillai, R. (eds) Mechanisms of Vascular Defects in Diabetes Mellitus. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60324-7_23

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