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Diet, Nutrition, and Fetal Programming pp 29–42Cite as

Maternal Nutrition and Cognition

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Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Adequate nutrition during early life is essential to support the neurological processes that underlie human brain development and cognition. Children who fail to meet their cognitive potential achieve fewer schooling years and are at an increased risk of adult delinquency. Maximising child cognition through nutrition interventions hold major socioeconomic consequences for individuals and societies. Recent studies suggest that brain development and cognition can be modified by nutrient and gene interactions, a process called epigenetics. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that requires dietary nutrients to donate methyl groups to DNA nucleotides and modify the regulation of gene expression. Recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetic modifications mediated by DNA methylation can disrupt cell signalling molecules and increase neurotoxins in the brain which may affect cognitive function. Future research in this area is warranted to determine the critical role of early life nutrition on long-term brain future and inform dietary guidelines for pregnant women.

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Abbreviations

5-MTHF:

5-methyltetrahydrofolate

5,10-MeTH:

Methylenetetrahydrofolate

ACh:

Acetylcholine

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BER:

Base excision repair

CHT:

Choline transporter

DHF:

Dihydrofolate

DHFR:

Dihydrofolate reductase

DTI:

Diffusion tensor imaging

DMG:

Dimethylglycine

Dnmts:

DNA methyltransferase

g:

Grams

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase complexes

HM:

High methionine

HM/LF:

High methionine/low folate

IAP:

Intracisternal A-type particle

IGF-2:

Insulin-like growth factor-2

Kg:

Kilograms

LF:

Low folate

MECPs:

Methyl-CpG-binding proteins

mg:

Milligrams

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

mmol/l:

Millimoles per litre

MTHF:

Methyltetrahydrofolate

MTHFR:

Methyltetrahydrofolate reductase

SAH:

S-adenosylhomocysteine

SAM:

S-adenosylmethionine

SNPs:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

THF:

Tetrahydrofolate

μg:

Micrograms

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mothers and Babies Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia

    Rachael M. Taylor BND

  2. Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia

    Roger Smith MB, BS (Hons) PhD

  3. Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia

    Clare E. Collins

  4. Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia

    Alexis J. Hure PhD, BND (Hons I)

Authors
  1. Rachael M. Taylor BND
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  2. Roger Smith MB, BS (Hons) PhD
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  3. Clare E. Collins
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  4. Alexis J. Hure PhD, BND (Hons I)
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Correspondence to Rachael M. Taylor BND .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, King's College, London, United Kingdom

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. Department of Nutrition, King's College, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Taylor, R.M., Smith, R., Collins, C.E., Hure, A.J. (2017). Maternal Nutrition and Cognition. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Diet, Nutrition, and Fetal Programming. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60289-9_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60289-9_3

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60289-9

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