Skip to main content

Narratives of Change: Between Global Idioms and National Legacies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Europe in the Classroom

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Educational Media ((PSEM))

  • 198 Accesses

Abstract

Szakács explores discourses and patterns of legitimisation expressed in education policy documents, reports and interviews with policymakers and asks to what extent these refer more to the EU (the outside) or the nation (the ‘self’) in how they account for education reform. By analysing in-depth narrative accounts of the reform process (i.e. its aims, rationale, values, actors and failures), she finds that rather than putting forward an exclusively ‘national’ story of self-aggrandisement, Romania increasingly speaks in a global/neoliberal idiom, whereby the role of the EU is both exaggerated and instrumentalised as an aspirational ‘self’. Nationally framed arguments persist only to explain the reform’s failures, notably under two thematic guises: a cultural mismatch theme and a national victimisation motif.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, B. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antohi, S. 1999. Civitas imaginalis: istorie şi utopie în cultura română. Iaşi: Polirom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S.J. 1998. Big Policies/Small World: An Introduction to International Perspectives in Education Policy. Comparative Education 34 (2): 119–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barthélémy, D. 1997. The European Dimension in Secondary Education. Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beech, J. 2009. Who Is Strolling Through the Global Garden? International Agencies and Educational Transfer. In International Handbook of Comparative Education, ed. R. Cowen and A.M. Kazamias, 341–358. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Birzea, C. 1995. Educational Reform and Educational Research in Central-Eastern Europe: The Case of Romania. Paper presented at the IBE/NIER International Meeting on Educational Reform and Educational Research, Tokyo, Japan, September 4–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birzea, C., and C. Fartușnic. 2003. Reforming the Romanian System of Education. The Agenda Ahead. In Change Forces in Post-Communist Eastern Europe. Education in Transition, ed. E. Polyzoi, M. Fullan, and J.P. Anchan, 74–93. London: Routledge Falmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blokker, P. 2004. Modernity and its Varieties. A Historical Sociological Analysis of the Romanian Modern Experience. PhD diss., European University Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boia, L. 1999. Mitologia Științifică a Comunismului. București: Humanitas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottyán, Z. 2010. Reforma Educatiei in Contextul Integrarii Europene. In Educaţie și schimbare socială: perspective sociologice și comunicaţionale, ed. S. Bălţătescu, F. Chipea, and I. Cioară, 339–341. Oradea: Editura Universităţii din Oradea.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butuca, A. 2001. Minorities, Culture and Education. In Values and Education in Romania Today, ed. M.C. Călin and M. Dumitrana, 189–216. Washington, DC: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capita, L., and C. Capita. 1999. Country Reports on Education: Romania. In Education and Media in Southeast Europe: Country Reports, ed. U. Brunnbauer, H. Grandits, S. Gruber, K. Kaser, R. Pichler, and C. Promitzer. Graz: Center for the Study of Balkan Societies and Cultures.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciolan, L. 2004. Strategy and Quality in Education: Romania. In Decentralization and the Governance of Education. The State of Education Systems in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poland and Romania, ed. P. Rado, 67–94. Budapest: Open Society Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crişan, A. 2006. Comprehensive Curriculum Change Cycles: From Theory to Practicing Reform (An Example: Romania). In Current and Future Challenges in Curriculum Development: Policies, Practices and Networking for Change, ed. A. Crişan, 27–40. București: Editura Educaţia 2000+ Humanitas Educaţional.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowther, W. 2003. The European Union and Romania: The Politics of Constrained Transition. In The European Union and Democratization, ed. P. Kubicek, 87–110. London: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N.K. 2009. The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimou, A. 2009. ‘Transition’ and the Politics of History Education in Southeast Europe. Göttingen: V&R unipress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumbrăveanu, L. 2007. Romania. In The Education Systems of Europe, ed. W. Hörner, H. Döbert, B. von Kopp, and W. Mitter, 626–645. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dutceac Segesten, A. 2011. Myth, Identity, and Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of Romanian and Serbian Textbooks. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freyberg-Inan, A., and R. Cristescu. 2006. The Ghosts in Our Classrooms, or John Dewey Meets Ceaușescu: The Promise and the Failures of Civic Education in Romania. Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, T. 2001. Nationalism and Romanian Political Culture in the 1990s. In Post-Communist Romania: Coming to Terms with Transition, ed. D. Light and D. Phinnemore, 104–124. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Giurescu, D. 2001. ‘Învățământul în România între anii 1948 și 1989’. Unpublished speech delivered at University of Craiova, November 22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grek, S. 2009. Governing by Numbers: The PISA “Effect” in Europe. Journal of Education Policy 24 (1): 23–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grek, S., and M. Lawn. 2009. A Short History of Europeanizing Education: The New Political Work of Calculating the Future. European Education 41 (1): 32–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobi, A.P. 2011. International Organisations and Policy Diffusion: The Global Norm of Lifelong Learning. Journal of International Relations and Development 15 (1): 31–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson, G. 1984. On Stepwise Transition from Talk About Trouble to Inappropriately Next-Positioned Matters. In Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis, ed. J.M. Atkinson and J.C. Heritage, 191–222. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jupille, J., and B. Jolliff. 2011. Regionalism in the World Polity. Paper presented at EUSA 2011 Biennial Meetings, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jurje, F. 2010. Europeanization of Polity and Politics: A Network Analysis of the Decision-Making Process in Romania. Paper presented at the Fifth Pan-European Conference on EU Politics. Porto, Portugal, June 24–26. http://www.jhubc.it/ecpr-porto/virtualpaperroom/055.pdf

  • Kósa, I. 2008. The Social and Cognitive Mapping of Policy: The Education Sector in Romania. Working paper of the project ‘Knowledge and Policy in Education and Health Sectors’. http://knowandpol.eu/IMG/pdf/o1.romaniaeducation.pdf

  • Kovacs, M. 2007. Analiza unor programe şi a unor manuale şcolare pentru învăţământul primar din perspectiva adecvării la realizarea educaţiei multiculturale. Cluj-Napoca: CRDE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linz, J.J., and A.C. Stepan. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J.W. 2010. World Society, Institutional Theories, and the Actor. Annual Review of Sociology 36 (1): 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J.W., J. Boli, G.M. Thomas, and F.O. Ramirez. 1997. World Society and the Nation-State. American Journal of Sociology 103 (1): 144–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J.W., and R.L. Jepperson. 2000. The “Actors” of Modern Society: The Cultural Construction of Social Agency. Sociological Theory 18 (1): 100–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J.W., and F.O. Ramirez. 2000. The World Institutionalization of Education. In Discourse Formation in Comparative Education, ed. J. Schriewer, 111–132. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J.W., and B. Rowan. 1977. Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony. The American Journal of Sociology 83 (2): 340–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mincu, M.E., and I. Horga. 2010. Visions of Reform in Post-Socialist Romania: Decentralization (Through Hybridization) and Teacher Autonomy. In Post-Socialism Is Not Dead: (Re)Reading the Global in Comparative Education, ed. I. Silova, 93–123. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Miroiu, A., ed. 1998. Învăţământul românesc azi. Studiu de diagnoză. Iași: Polirom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miroiu, M., and L. Popescu. 2004. Post-Totalitarian Pre-Feminism. In Romania Since 1989: Politics, Economics, and Society, ed. H.F. Carey, 297–314. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Năstase, M.I. 2004. Gay and Lesbian Rights. In Romania Since 1989: Politics, Economics, and Society, ed. H.F. Carey, 315–334. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nóvoa, A. 2007. The “Right” Education in Europe: When the Obvious Is Not So Obvious! Theory and Research in Education 5 (2): 143–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nóvoa, A., and M. Lawn, eds. 2002. Fabricating Europe: The Formation of an Education Space. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. 2000. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Romania 2000. Paris: OECD Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pârâianu, R. 2001. National Prejudices, Mass Media and History Textbooks: The Mitu Controversy. In Nation-Building and Contested Identities: Romanian and Hungarian Case Studies, ed. B. Trencsényi, Petrescu Dragoș, C. Petrescu, C. Iordachi, and K. Zoltán, 93–117. Budapest: Regio Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavel, D. 2000. The Textbooks Scandal and Rewriting History in Romania: Letter from Bucharest. East European Politics & Societies 15 (1): 179–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, L.B. 2005. The Seeing and the Seen: Contrasting Perspectives of Post-Communist Czech Schooling. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 35 (3): 265–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrescu, D. 2009. Building the Nation, Instrumentalizing Nationalism: Revisiting Romanian National-Communism, 1956–1989. Nationalities Papers 37 (4): 523–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pilbrow, T. 2005. “Europe” in Bulgarian Conceptions of Nationhood. In The Nation, Europe and the World: Textbooks and Curricula in Transition, ed. H. Schissler and Y.N. Soysal, 122–137. New York: Berghahn Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radaelli, C.M. 2000. Whither Europeanization? Concept Stretching and Substantive Change. European Integration Online Papers 4(8). http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2000-008a.htm

  • Rădulescu, D.C. 2006. ‘Învăţământul românesc 1948–1989—între derivă şi recuperare instituţional- funcţională’. Calitatea Vietii. Revista de Politic Sociale 17 (3–4): 307–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramet, S.P. 2004. Church and State in Romania Before and After 1989. In Romania Since 1989: Politics, Economics, and Society, ed. H.F. Carey, 275–296. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez, F.O., P. Bromley, and S. Garnett Russell. 2009. The Valorization of Humanity and Diversity. Multicultural Education Review 1 (1): 29–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, S. 2005. Re-Imagining and Rescripting the Future of Education: Global Knowledge Economy Discourses and the Challenge to Education Systems. Comparative Education 41 (2): 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silova, I. 2009. Varieties of Educational Transformation: The Post-Socialist States of Central/Southeastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. In International Handbook of Comparative Education, ed. R. Cowen and A.M. Kazamias, 295–320. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. Introduction: Education and Postsocialist Transformations in Central Asia—Exploring Margins and Marginalities. In Globalization on the Margins: Education and Postsocialist Transformations in Central Asia, ed. I. Silova, 1–23. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, M. 2008. Balancing Globalisation and Local Identity in the Reform of Education. In Internationalisation and Globalisation in Mathematics and Science Education, ed. B. Atweh, 365–382. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soysal, Y.N. 1994. Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soysal, Y.N., and S.-Y. Wong. 2015. Citizenship as a National and Transnational Enterprise: How Education Shapes Regional and Global Relevance. In Transnational Trajectories in East Asia: Nation, Citizenship, and Region, ed. Y.N. Soysal, 19–45. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stan, L. 2010. Romania: In the Shadow of the Past. In Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989, ed. S.P. Ramet, 379–400. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner-Khamsi, G., ed. 2004. The Global Politics of Educational Borrowing and Lending. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szakács, S. 2011. Old Wine into New Bottles? Europeanization and Diversity in Multi-Ethnic Romanian Schools. Multicultural Education Review 3 (1): 101–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tismăneanu, V. 1998. Fantasies of Salvation. In Democracy, Nationalism and Myth in Post-Communist Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004. Understanding National Stalinism: Legacies of Ceaușescu’s Socialism. In Romania Since 1989: Politics, Economics, and Society, ed. H.F. Carey, 27–48. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, C. 2001. Romanian Education: Its Evolution and Reform. In Values and Education in Romania Today, ed. M.C. Călin and M. Dumitrana, 121–149. Washington, DC: CRVP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verdery, K. 1991. National Ideology Under Socialism: Identity and Cultural Politics in Ceaușescu’s Romania. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vlăsceanu, L., A. Neculau, A. Miroiu, I. Mărginean, and D. Potolea. 2002. Școala la răscruce. Schimbare și continuitate în curriculumul învățământului obligatoriu. Studiu de impact. Polirom: Iași.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, P.F. 2004. Sonderweg Romania? In Romania Since 1989: Politics, Economics, and Society, ed. H.F. Carey, 49–66. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wimmer, A. 2006. Models, Methodologies, and Metaphors on the Move. In Understanding Change: Models, Methodologies, and Metaphors, ed. A. Wimmer and R. Kössler, 1–33. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Zajda, J. 2009. Globalisation, Policy and Comparative Research. In Globalisation, Policy and Comparative Research: Discourses of Globalisation, ed. J. Zajda and V. Rust, 1–12. Amsterdam: Springer Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Strategic Documents

  • Guvernul României. 2005. Planul naţional de dezvoltare 2007–2013 (The National Development Plan 2007–2013). București: Guvernul României.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006. Cadrul Strategic Național de Referință 2007–2013—Proiect (The National Strategic Reference Framework-Project). București: Guvernul României.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007. Programul National de Reforme (The National Program of Reforms). București: Guvernul României.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerul Educaţiei şi Cercetării. 2003. Reforma Învățământului Obligatoriu din România (The Reform of Compulsory Education in Romania). București: Ministerul Educaţiei şi Cercetării.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005. Strategia descentralizării învăţământului preuniversitar (The Decentralization Strategy of Pre-University Education). București: Ministerul Educaţiei şi Cercetării.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007. Strategie Postaderare 2007–2013 (Post-Accession Strategy 2007–2013). București: Ministerul Educaţiei şi Cercetării.

    Google Scholar 

Reports and Guidelines

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Szakács, S. (2018). Narratives of Change: Between Global Idioms and National Legacies. In: Europe in the Classroom. Palgrave Studies in Educational Media. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60258-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60258-5_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60257-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60258-5

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics