Skip to main content

Descriptional Complexity and Operations – Two Non-classical Cases

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 10316))

Abstract

For a language family \(\mathcal{L}\), a syntactic complexity measure K defined on languages of \(\mathcal{L}\), a number \(n\ge 1\), and an n-ary operation \(\circ \) under which \(\mathcal{L}\) is closed, we define \(g_{\circ }^K(m_1,m_2,\dots ,m_n)\) as the set of all integers r such that there are n languages \(L_i\), \(1\le i\le n\), with

$$ K(L_i)=m_i \text { for } 1\le i\le n \text { and } K(\circ (L_1,L_2,\dots ,L_n))=r. $$

In this paper we study these sets for the operation union, catenation, star, complement, set-subtraction, and intersection and the measure number of accepting states (defined for regular languages) as well as for reversal, union, catenation, and star and the measures number of nonterminals, productions, and symbols (defined for context-free languages).

Moreover, we discuss the change of these sets if one restricts to finite languages, unary languages, and finite unary languages.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Alur, R., Madhusudan, P.: Visibly pushdown languages. In: Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 202–211 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Champarnaud, J.-M., Coulon, F.: Büchi automata reduction by means of left and right trace inclusion preorder. Manuscript (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Dassow, J.: On the number of accepting states of finite automata. J. Automata Lang. Comb. 21, 55–67 (2016)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Dassow, J., Stiebe, R.: Nonterminal complexity of some operations on context-free languages. Fundam. Inform. 83, 35–49 (2008)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Dassow, J., Harbich, R.: Descriptional complexity of union and star on context-free languages. J. Automata Lang. Comb. 17, 123–143 (2012)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Drewes, F., Holzer, M., Jakobi, S., van der Merwe, B.: Tight bounds for cut-operations on deterministic finite automata. In: Durand-Lose, J., Nagy, B. (eds.) MCU 2015. LNCS, vol. 9288, pp. 45–60. Springer, Cham (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23111-2_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Edelkamp, S., Jabbar, S.: Large-scale directed model checking LTL. In: Valmari, A. (ed.) SPIN 2006. LNCS, vol. 3925, pp. 1–18. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). doi:10.1007/11691617_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Gao, Y., Moreira, N., Reis, R., Yu, S.: A review on state complexity of individual operations. Technical report series DCC-2011-08, Version 1.1, University of Porto, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Computer Science (2012), September 2012

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gao, Y., Salomaa, K., Yu, S.: Transition complexity of incomplete DFAs. Fundam. Inform. 110, 143–158 (2011)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Gruska, J.: Some classifications of context-free languages. Inf. Control 14, 152–179 (1969)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Gruska, J.: On the size of context free grammars. Kybernetika 8, 213–218 (1972)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Han, Y.-S., Salomaa, K.: State complexity of basic operations on suffix-free regular languages. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 410, 2537–2548 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Harbich, R.: Regel- und Symbolkomplexität kontextfreier Sprachen unter ausgewählten Operationen. Dissertation (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Holzer, M., Kutrib, M.: State complexity of basic operations on nondeterministic finite automata. In: Champarnaud, J.-M., Maurel, D. (eds.) CIAA 2002. LNCS, vol. 2608, pp. 148–157. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). doi:10.1007/3-540-44977-9_14

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Holzer, M., Kutrib, M.: Nondeterministic finite automata - recent results on the descriptional and computational complexity. Int. J. Found. Comput. Sci. 20, 563–580 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Hricko, M., Jirásková, G., Szabari, A.: Union and intersection of regular languages and descriptional complexity. In: Mereghetti, C., Palano, B., Pighizzini, G., Wotschke, D. (eds.) Proceedings of 7th International Workshop of Descriptional Complexity of Formal Systems, University of Milano, pp. 170–181 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jirásková, G.: On the state complexity of complements, stars, and reversals of regular languages. In: Ito, M., Toyama, M. (eds.) DLT 2008. LNCS, vol. 5257, pp. 431–442. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85780-8_34

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Jirásková, G., Krausová, M.: Complexity in prefix-free regular languages. Electron. Proc. Theor. Comput. Sci. 31, 197–204 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Maia, E., Moreira, N., Reis, R.: Incomplete operational transition complexity of regular languages. Inf. Comput. 244, 1–22 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Okhotin, A., Salomaa, K.: State complexity of operations on input-driven pushdown automata. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 86, 207–228 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Piao, X., Salomaa, K.: Operational state complexity of nested word automata. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 410, 3250–3260 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Piao, X., Salomaa, K.: State complexity of the concatenation of regular tree automata. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 429, 273–281 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Piao, X., Salomaa, K.: State complexity of projection and quotient on unranked trees. In: Kutrib, M., Moreira, N., Reis, R. (eds.) DCFS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7386, pp. 280–293. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31623-4_22

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Rozenberg, G., Salomaa, A. (eds.): Handbook of Formal Languages, vol. I–III. Springer, Berlin (1997)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Yu, S.: State complexity of regular languages. J. Automata Lang. Comb. 6, 221–234 (2001)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jürgen Dassow .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing

About this paper

Cite this paper

Dassow, J. (2017). Descriptional Complexity and Operations – Two Non-classical Cases. In: Pighizzini, G., Câmpeanu, C. (eds) Descriptional Complexity of Formal Systems. DCFS 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10316. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60252-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60252-3_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60251-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60252-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics