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Magnetic Vertical Structure of Soil as a Result of Transformation of Iron Oxides During Pedogenesis. The Case Study of Soil Profiles from Slovakia and Ukraine

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Magnetometry in Environmental Sciences

Part of the book series: GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences ((GEPS))

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Abstract

This work reports the study of depth differentiation of magnetic properties of four soil types: Kastanozem, Cambisol, Luvisol and Chernozem. The aim of the study is to find the way of magnetic minerals formation and transformation. The three profiles: Cambisol, Luvisol and Chernozem were taken from moderate temperature and moisture region from Slovak Republic and one profile, Kastanozem, was taken from semi-dry region of Southern Ukraine. Thermal behavior of saturation remanence revealed that magnetic composition of studied soils is a mixture of two components. Upper layers contain significant contribution of maghemite. This is demonstrated by unblocking temperature Tub lower than 670 °C and higher than 600 °C and low values of coercivity Bc and Bcr. Variable amounts of hematite demonstrated by Tub ~ 670 °C are seen for samples from parent rock horizons. Cumulative log Gaussian (CLG) analysis of the IRM acquisition curve revealed the presence of at least two components of coercivity along each profile. The variation of hematite content along profile was evaluated by depth variation of hard component of saturation remanence HIRM. The domain state of magnetic minerals derived from the Day’s plot modified by Dunlop showed that all samples are grouped in the area between the mixing curve for single-domain SD and multi-domain MD grains and the mixing curve for SD and superparamagnetic SP grain. The depth variation of susceptibility χ, frequency dependence of susceptibility χfd, hysteresis parameters, anhysteretic remanence ARM, hard component of isothermal remanence HIRM, and relations between these magnetic parameters were used as indicators of development of pedogenesis. The results allow us to conclude that formation of iron oxides occurred by a transient intermediate phase—hydromaghemite which was transformed to hematite and/or to goethite depending on soil environment. The ratio χfd/HIRM allows to evaluate approximately similar precipitation for Kastanozem, Cambisol and Luvisol and much lower for Chernozem. As Chernozem should be formed in the same conditions as Cambisol and Luvisol, we probably observed the effect of higher permeability of parent rock in Chernozem profile sediments than in the case of Cambisol (granite) and Luvisol and Kastanozem (loess). Relation of loss on ignition LOI to magnetic parameters indicates that organic matter promotes pedogenesis progress. It is possible to relate vertical magnetic structure of soil to pedogenic differentiation into genetic horizons.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported within statutory activities No 3841/E-41/S/2015 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland. We are grateful to Dr. Igor Tunyi for his assistance in field work during sampling of soil profiles in Slovak Republic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Janusza 64, 01-452, Warsaw, Poland

    Maria Jeleńska, Beata Górka-Kostrubiec & Sylwia K. Dytłow

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  1. Maria Jeleńska
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  2. Beata Górka-Kostrubiec
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  3. Sylwia K. Dytłow
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Correspondence to Maria Jeleńska .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Geophysics, Magnetism, Warsaw, Poland

    Maria Jeleńska

  2. Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Institute of Oceanography, Gdynia, Poland

    Leszek Łęczyński

  3. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland

    Tadeusz Ossowski

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Jeleńska, M., Górka-Kostrubiec, B., Dytłow, S.K. (2018). Magnetic Vertical Structure of Soil as a Result of Transformation of Iron Oxides During Pedogenesis. The Case Study of Soil Profiles from Slovakia and Ukraine. In: Jeleńska, M., Łęczyński, L., Ossowski, T. (eds) Magnetometry in Environmental Sciences. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60213-4_8

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