Skip to main content

Disorders of Water Balance: Hypernatremia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders
  • 3299 Accesses

Abstract

Hypernatremia is defined as serum or plasma [Na+] >145 mEq/L and hyperosmolality (serum osmolality >295 mOsm/kg H2O).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Miller M, et al. Recognition of partial defects in antidiuretic hormone secretion. Ann Intern Med. 1970;73:721–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Sterns RH, Silver SM. Salt and water: read the package insert. QJM. 2003;96:549–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suggested Reading

  1. Adroguè HJ, Madias NE. Hypernatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1493–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Arieff AI, Ayus CJ. Strategies for diagnosing and managing hypernatremic encephalopathy. When to suspect and how to correct fluid deficits safely. J Crit Care. 1996;11:720–7.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Baylis PH, Thompson CJ. Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion and thirst in health and disease. Clin Endocrinol. 1988;29:349–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Christ-Crain M, Morgenthaler NG, Fenske W. Copeptin as a biomarker and a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with polyuria-polydipsia and hyponatremia. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;30:235–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Feig PU, McCurdy DK. The hypertonic state. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:1444–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Oster JR, Singer I, Thatte L, et al. The polyuria of solute diuresis. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:721–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Sands JM, Bichet DG. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:186–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sterns RH. Disorders of plasma sodium-causes, consequences, and correction. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:55–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Thurman JM, Berl T. Disorders of water metabolism. In: Mount DB, Sayegh MH, Singh AJ, editors. Core concepts in the disorders of fluid, electrolytes and acid-base balance. New York: Springer; 2013. p. 29–48.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Verbalis JG. Disorders of water balance. In: Skorecki K, et al., editors. Brenner & Rector’s the kidney. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. p. 460–510.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Reddi, A.S. (2018). Disorders of Water Balance: Hypernatremia. In: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60167-0_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60167-0_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60166-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60167-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics