Abstract
Hyponatremia is defined as serum or plasma [Na+] <135 mEq/L.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsSuggested Reading
Adroguè HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1581–9.
Adroguè HJ, Madias NE. The challenge of hyponatremia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23:1140–8.
Berl T. Impact of solute intake on urine flow and water excretion. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:1076–8.
Buckley MS, Patel SA, Hattrup AE, et al. Conivaptan for treatment of hyponatremia in neurological and neurosurgical adults. Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47:1194–200.
Fenske WK, Christ-Crain M, Hörning A, et al. A copeptin-based classification of the osmoregulatory defects in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25:2376–83.
Furst H, Hallows KR, Post J, et al. The urine/plasma electrolyte ratio: a predictive guide to water restriction. Am J Med Sci. 2000;319:240–4.
Garimella S, Bowden SA. Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome workup. 2016; emedicine. Medscape article 919609.
Liamis G, Milionis H, Elisaf M. A review of drug-induced hyponatremia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;52:144–53.
Lien Y-HH, Shapiro JI. Hyponatremia: clinical diagnosis and management. Am J Med. 2007;120:653–8.
Maesaka JK, Imbriano LJ, Ali NM, et al. Is it cerebral or renal salt wasting. Kidney Int. 2009;76:934–8.
Robertson GL. Regulation of arginine vasopressin in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Am J Med. 2006;119:S36–42.
Sterns RH, Hix JK, Silver S. Treating profound hyponatremia: a strategy for controlled correction. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;56:774–9.
Sterns RH. Disorders of plasma sodium-causes, consequences, and correction. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:55–65.
Sterns RH, Silver SM. Complications and management of hyponatremia. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2016;25:114–9.
Thurman JM, Berl T. Disorders of water metabolism. In: Mount DB, Sayegh MH, Singh AJ, editors. Core concepts in the disorders of fluid, electrolytes and acid-base balance. New York: Springer; 2013. p. 29–48.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reddi, A.S. (2018). Disorders of Water Balance: Hyponatremia. In: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60167-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60167-0_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60166-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60167-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)