Skip to main content

Elites Go Public? International Baccalaureate’s Decolonising Paradox in Ecuador

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Elite Education and Internationalisation

Abstract

This chapter explores the Ecuadorian government’s co-optation of the International Baccalaureate (IB)—a signifier of elite schooling and its internationalisation. Under President Rafael Correa, the government has implemented the IB in over 200 public secondary schools since 2007. This reform is paradoxical. On the one hand, the education system’s rejuvenation is part of an overall “citizens’ revolution” that is closely affiliated with the internationalism of Latin America’s post-neoliberal governments and activists. On the other hand, the government has turned to Ecuador’s elite schools for guidance in implementing an international curriculum with a global reputation for prestige. Drawing on decolonial theory, this tension is shown to reflect the ongoing colonial nature of elite education as well as the possibility for reducing its associated inequalities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, P. (2002). Internationalism: A breviary. New Left Review, 14, 5–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayling, P. (2016). “Eliteness” and elite schooling in contemporary Nigeria. In C. Maxwell & P. Aggleton (Eds.), Elite education: International perspectives. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S. (2012). Global Education Inc.: New policy networks and the neoliberal imaginary. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, E. (2013). Research on the implementation of the Diploma Program in Ecuador’s State Schools. National Center for Restructuring Education, Schools, and Teaching, Columbia University. Retrieved from http://www.ibo.org/contentassets/d74675437b4f4ab38312702599a432f1/implementationofdpinecuadorstateschools_finalreport.pdf

  • Becker, M. (2011). Correa, indigenous movements, and the writing of a new constitution in Ecuador. Latin American Perspectives, 38, 47–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, M. (2014). Rafael Correa and social movements in Ecuador. In S. Ellner (Ed.), Latin America’s radical left: Challenges and complexities of political power in the twenty-first century. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benavides, O. H. (2010). Making Ecuadorian histories: Four centuries of defining power. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, J. D. (2011). Multicultural market democracy: Elites and indigenous movements in contemporary Ecuador. Journal of Latin American Studies, 43, 451–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunnell, T. (2011). The International Baccalaureate middle years programme after 30 years: A critical inquiry. Journal of Research in International Education, 10, 261–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cambridge, J., & Thompson, J. (2004). Internationalism and globalization as contexts for international education. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 32, 161–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chodor, T. (2014). Neoliberal hegemony and the pink tide in Latin America: Breaking-up with TINA? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. (2007). Southern theory: The global dynamics of knowledge in social science. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Correa, R. (2012). Speech in commemoration of FLACSO’s fiftieth anniversary. In A. Bialakowsky (Ed.), Latin American critical thought: Theory and practice. Buenos Aires: CLACSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • De la Torre, C. (2013). El technopopulismo de Rafael Correa. Latin American Research Review, 48, 24–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, A., & Kenway, J. (2015). Canvassing conversations: Obstinate issues in studies of elites and elite education. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 28, 1005–1032.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). (2016). Ecuador. Retrieved from http://www.ibo.org/about-the-ib/the-ib-by-country/e/ecuador/

  • Johnson, T. (2011). Inside the bubble: Educating Ecuador’s elite. World Policy Journal, 28, 41–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E., Coelen, R., Beelne, J., & de Wit, H. (Eds.). (2016). Global and local internationalization. Rotterdam: Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, S. R. (2011). Privilege: The making of an academic elite at St. Paul’s school. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8, 5–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendieta, E. (2007). Global fragments: Globalizations, latinamericanisms, and critical theory. Albany: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mignolo, W. D. (2007). Delinking: The rhetoric of modernity, the logic of coloniality and the grammar of de-coloniality. Cultural Studies, 21, 449–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mignolo, W. D. (2011). Darker side of western modernity: Global futures, decolonial options. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. (2007). Plan Decenal de Educación del Ecuador 2006–2015. Retrieved from http://www.educacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/09/K1_Plan_Estrategico_Parte1.pdf

  • Muhr, T. (2013). Counter-globalization and socialism in the 21st century: The Bolivarian alliance for the peoples of our America. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novo, C. M., & de la Torre, C. (2010). Racial discrimination and citizenship in Ecuador’s educational system. Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies, 5, 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramírez Gallegos, F. (2016). Political change, state autonomy, and post-neoliberalism in Ecuador, 2007–2012. Latin American Perspectives, 43, 143–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Resnik, J. (2012). The denationalization of education and the expansion of the International Baccalaureate. Comparative Education Review, 5, 248–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Resnik, J. (2014). Who gets the best teachers? The incorporation of the IB program into public high schools and its impact on the teacher labour market in Ecuador. In R. Arber, J. Blackmore, & A. Vongalis-Macrow (Eds.), Mobile teachers, teacher identity and international schooling. Rotterdam: Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnik, J. (2016). The development of the International Baccalaureate in Spanish-speaking countries: A global comparative approach. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 14, 298–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rizvi, F. (2015). The discourse of “Asia rising” at an elite Indian school. In A. Van Zanten, S. J. Ball, & B. Darchy-Koechlin (Eds.), World yearbook of education 2015—Elites, privilege and excellence: The national and global redefinition of educational advantage. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, W. I. (2009). Latin Americaand global capitalism: A critical globalization perspective. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saavedra, A. (2014). The academic impact of enrolment in International Baccalaureate diploma programs: A case study of Chicago public schools. Teachers College Record, 116, 1–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swalwell, K. M. (2013). Educating activist allies: Social justice pedagogy with the suburban and urban elite. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarc, P. (2009). Global dreams, enduring tensions: International Baccalaureate in a changing world. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Economist. (2009, August 20). Correa’s curriculum. The Economist. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/node/14258942

  • Van Oord, L. (2007). To westernize the nations? An analysis of the International Baccalaureate’s philosophy of education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 37, 375–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vientie, T. (2013). Coloniality and cognitive justice: Reinterpreting formal education for the indigenous peoples in Ecuador. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 15, 45–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webber, J. R. (2015, August 30). Ecuador’s impasse. Jacobin. Retrieved from https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/correa-pink-tide-gramsci-peoples-march/

  • Whitman, G. (2004). Red pen blue pen: The impact of internationally-financed education reform on classroom practice in Ecuador. Quito: FLACSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Windle, J., & Nogueira, M. A. (2015). The role of internationalization in the schooling of Brazilian elites: Distinctions between two class fractions. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 36, 175–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, J. (2016). Business power and the politics of postneoliberalism: Relations between governments and economic elites in Bolivia and Ecuador. Latin American Politics and Society, 58, 124–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2016). Ecuador. The World Bank Group. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/country/ecuador

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Prosser, H. (2018). Elites Go Public? International Baccalaureate’s Decolonising Paradox in Ecuador. In: Maxwell, C., Deppe, U., Krüger, HH., Helsper, W. (eds) Elite Education and Internationalisation. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59966-3_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59966-3_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59965-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59966-3

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics