Abstract
The genetic contribution to hypertension and blood pressure regulation is evident from twin studies, rare mutations causing monogenic blood pressure syndromes, and more recently emerging evidence from genome-wide association studies. The ongoing efforts to understand blood pressure genetics and the downstream molecular and physiological pathways highlight the complexity of the blood pressure phenotype and the major challenges that still need to be overcome to translate these findings into clinical applications that will benefit patients. The encouraging results from metabolomic profiling in hypertension indicate that these signals might be more tractable and integrating genomics and metabolomics may accelerate functional studies. In this chapter we describe the current state of the art in blood pressure and hypertension genomics and emerging insights from metabolomics.
References
Kotchen TA, Kotchen JM, Grim CE et al (2000) Genetic determinants of hypertension: identification of candidate phenotypes. Hypertension 36:7–13
Havlik RJ, Garrison RJ, Feinleib M et al (1979) Blood pressure aggregation in families. Am J Epidemiol 110:304–312
Kupper N, Willemsen G, Riese H et al (2005) Heritability of daytime ambulatory blood pressure in an extended twin design. Hypertension 45:80–85
Wang NY, Young JH, Meoni LA et al (2008) Blood pressure change and risk of hypertension associated with parental hypertension: the Johns Hopkins Precursors Study. Arch Intern Med 168:643–648
Luft FC (2001) Twins in cardiovascular genetic research. Hypertension 37:350–356
Lifton RP, Gharavi AG, Geller DS (2001) Molecular mechanisms of human hypertension. Cell 104:545–556
Padmanabhan S, Caulfield M, Dominiczak AF (2015) Genetic and molecular aspects of hypertension. Circ Res 116:937–959
Weelcome Trust Case Control Consortium (2007) Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 447:661–678
Levy D, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ et al (2007) Framingham Heart Study 100K Project: genome-wide associations for blood pressure and arterial stiffness. BMC Med Genet 8(Suppl 1):S3
Levy D, Ehret GB, Rice K et al (2009) Genome-wide association study of blood pressure and hypertension. Nat Genet 41:677–687
Newton-Cheh C, Johnson T, Gateva V et al (2009) Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure. Nat Genet 41:666–676
Newton-Cheh C, Larson MG, Vasan RS et al (2009) Association of common variants in NPPA and NPPB with circulating natriuretic peptides and blood pressure. Nat Genet 41:348–353
Ehret GB, Munroe PB, Rice KM et al (2011) Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk. Nature 478:103–109
Wain LV, Verwoert GC, O’Reilly PF et al (2011) Genome-wide association study identifies six new loci influencing pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure. Nat Genet 43:1005–1011
Padmanabhan S, Melander O, Johnson T et al (2010) Genome-wide association study of blood pressure extremes identifies variant near UMOD associated with hypertension. PLoS Genet 6:e1001177
Salvi E, Kutalik Z, Glorioso N et al (2012) Genomewide association study using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array and case-control design identifies a novel essential hypertension susceptibility locus in the promoter region of endothelial NO synthase. Hypertension 59:248–255
Kato N, Takeuchi F, Tabara Y et al (2011) Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies common variants associated with blood pressure variation in east Asians. Nat Genet 43:531–538
Franceschini N, Fox E, Zhang Z et al (2013) Genome-wide association analysis of blood-pressure traits in African-ancestry individuals reveals common associated genes in African and non-African populations. Am J Hum Genet 93:545–554
Lu X, Wang L, Lin X et al (2015) Genome-wide association study in Chinese identifies novel loci for blood pressure and hypertension. Hum Mol Genet 24:865–874
Ganesh SK, Chasman DI, Larson MG et al (2014) Effects of long-term averaging of quantitative blood pressure traits on the detection of genetic associations. Am J Hum Genet 95:49–65
Simino J, Shi G, Bis JC et al (2014) Gene-age interactions in blood pressure regulation: a large-scale investigation with the CHARGE, Global BPgen, and ICBP Consortia. Am J Hum Genet 95:24–38
Simino J, Sung YJ, Kume R et al (2013) Gene-alcohol interactions identify several novel blood pressure loci including a promising locus near SLC16A9. Front Genet 4:277
Sung YJ, de Las FL, Schwander KL et al (2015) Gene-smoking interactions identify several novel blood pressure loci in the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 28:343–354
Basson J, Sung YJ, Schwander K et al (2014) Gene-education interactions identify novel blood pressure loci in the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 27:431–444
Lifton RP, Dluhy RG, Powers M et al (1992) A chimaeric 11 beta-hydroxylase/aldosterone synthase gene causes glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism and human hypertension. Nature 355:262–265
Cerame BI, New MI (2000) Hormonal hypertension in children: 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency and apparent mineralocorticoid excess. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 13:1537–1547
Wilson FH, Disse-Nicodeme S, Choate KA et al (2001) Human hypertension caused by mutations in WNK kinases. Science 293:1107–1112
Boyden LM, Choi M, Choate KA et al (2012) Mutations in kelch-like 3 and cullin 3 cause hypertension and electrolyte abnormalities. Nature 482:98–102
Shimkets RA, Warnock DG, Bositis CM et al (1994) Liddle’s syndrome: heritable human hypertension caused by mutations in the beta subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. Cell 79:407–414
Simon DB, Karet FE, Hamdan JM et al (1996) Bartter’s syndrome, hypokalaemic alkalosis with hypercalciuria, is caused by mutations in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2. Nat Genet 13:183–188
Simon DB, Nelson-Williams C, Bia MJ et al (1996) Gitelman’s variant of Bartter’s syndrome, inherited hypokalaemic alkalosis, is caused by mutations in the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter. Nat Genet 12:24–30
Zennaro MC, Boulkroun S, Fernandes-Rosa F (2015) An update on novel mechanisms of primary aldosteronism. J Endocrinol 224:R63–R77
Brown MJ (2014) Ins and outs of aldosterone-producing adenomas of the adrenal: from channelopathy to common curable cause of hypertension. Hypertension 63:24–26
Fishbein L (2016) Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: genetics, diagnosis, and treatment. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 30:135–150
Mutig K, Kahl T, Saritas T et al (2011) Activation of the bumetanide-sensitive Na+, K+, 2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2) is facilitated by Tamm-Horsfall protein in a chloride-sensitive manner. J Biol Chem 286:30200–30210
Graham LA, Padmanabhan S, Fraser NJ et al (2014) Validation of uromodulin as a candidate gene for human essential hypertension. Hypertension 63:551–558
Trudu M, Janas S, Lanzani C et al (2013) Common noncoding UMOD gene variants induce salt-sensitive hypertension and kidney damage by increasing uromodulin expression. Nat Med 19:1655–1660
Arora P, Wu C, Khan AM et al (2013) Atrial natriuretic peptide is negatively regulated by microRNA-425. J Clin Invest 123:3378–3382
Manolio TA, Collins FS, Cox NJ et al (2009) Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases. Nature 461:747–753
Yang J, Benyamin B, McEvoy BP et al (2010) Common SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human height. Nat Genet 42:565–569
Vattikuti S, Guo J, Chow CC (2012) Heritability and genetic correlations explained by common SNPs for metabolic syndrome traits. PLoS Genet 8:e1002637
Menni C, Graham D, Kastenmuller G et al (2015) Metabolomic identification of a novel pathway of blood pressure regulation involving hexadecanedioate. Hypertension 66:422–429
Zhao Y, Peng J, Lu C et al (2014) Metabolomic heterogeneity of pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One 9:e88727
Suhre K, Shin SY, Petersen AK et al (2011) Human metabolic individuality in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. Nature 477:54–60
Dietrich S, Floegel A, Weikert C et al (2016) Identification of serum metabolites associated with incident hypertension in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition-Potsdam Study. Hypertension 68:471–477
Kulkarni H, Meikle PJ, Mamtani M et al (2013) Plasma lipidomic profile signature of hypertension in Mexican American families: specific role of diacylglycerols. Hypertension 62:621–626
Zheng Y, Yu B, Alexander D et al (2013) Metabolomics and incident hypertension among blacks: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Hypertension 62:398–403
Menni C, Mangino M, Cecelja M et al (2015) Metabolomic study of carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity in women. J Hypertens 33:791–796
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Padmanabhan, S., Tan, LE., Dominiczak, A.F. (2018). Genetics of Blood Pressure and Hypertension. In: Berbari, A., Mancia, G. (eds) Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation. Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59918-2_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59918-2_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59917-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59918-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)