Abstract
Colorectal cancer, because of its high morbidity and mortality rates, is one of the most studied human diseases. Advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics and epigenetics of colorectal cancer have led to novel insights into its pathogenesis. The results show that both pathogenic mechanisms and the influence of the etiological factors create a complex and multifarious network of events. Somatic and germline mutations, alongside with chromosomal and microsatellite instability, and epigenetic changes were found to be the key factors in both heritable and sporadic cases of colorectal cancer.
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Abbreviations
- APC:
-
Adenomatous polyposis coli
- BAX:
-
Bcl-2-associated X protein
- BRAF:
-
v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B
- CABLES:
-
CDK5 and ABL1 enzyme substrate 1 gene
- CDK:
-
Cyclin-dependent cell cycle kinase
- CDKN2A:
-
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
- CIMP:
-
CpG island methylator phenotype
- CIN:
-
Chromosome instability
- CpG:
-
5′-Cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3′ sequence
- CRC:
-
Colorectal cancer
- DCC:
-
Deleted in colorectal cancer
- FAP:
-
Familial adenomatous polyposis
- GATA:
-
Transcription factor
- GTP:
-
Guanidine tri-phosphate
- HDAC2:
-
Phosphatase and tensin homologue
- HIC1:
-
Hypermethylated in cancer 1
- HMPS:
-
Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome
- HNPCC:
-
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
- IGF:
-
Insulin-like growth factor
- JPS:
-
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
- KRAS:
-
Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homologue
- LOH:
-
Loss of heterozygosity
- MAP:
-
MUTYH-associated polyposis
- MGMT:
-
O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
- MINT:
-
Methylated in tumor
- miRNA:
-
Micro-RNA
- MLH:
-
MutL homologue
- MMR:
-
DNA mismatch repair
- MRE11A:
-
Meiotic recombination 11 homologue A
- MSH:
-
MutS homologue
- MSI:
-
Microsatellite instability
- MSS:
-
Microsatellite stable
- MUTYH:
-
MutY homologue
- MYC:
-
Avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homologue
- PJS:
-
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- PMS:
-
Postmeiotic segregation increased
- POLE/POLD1:
-
Polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis
- PTEN:
-
Phosphatase and tensin homologue
- RAD50:
-
S. cerevisiae and D. melanogaster homologue
- RAS:
-
Rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue
- RUNX3:
-
Runt-related transcription factor 3
- SMAD:
-
Mothers against decapentaplegic homologue
- SOCS1:
-
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
- SPS:
-
Serrated polyposis syndrome
- SRFP:
-
Secreted frizzled-related protein 1
- TGFβ:
-
Transforming growth factor β
- TIMP3:
-
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3
- TP53:
-
Tumor protein p53/tumor suppressor p53
- Wnt:
-
Wingless-related integration site
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Cygankiewicz, A.I., Jacenik, D., Krajewska, W.M. (2017). Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. In: Fichna, J. (eds) Introduction to Gastrointestinal Diseases Vol. 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59885-7_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59885-7_11
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