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The Molecular Basis of DNA Methylation

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DNA and Histone Methylation as Cancer Targets

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

Abstract

In mammals, cytosine in CpG sequences in genomic DNA is often methylated at the 5th position. DNA methylation acts as a regulator of gene expression, and is crucial for development, especially in higher eukaryotes. Three DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases, Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b, have been identified. Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are mainly responsible for establishing DNA methylation patterns in the genome. Factors interacting with Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b, histone modifications, and their timing of expression act as determinants for sites to be methylated. Once DNA methylation patterns are established, the patterns are maintained by Dnmt1, which favors methylation of hemi-methylated DNA (where only one DNA strand is methylated) after DNA replication and repair. For maintenance DNA methylation, interacting factors and histone modifications are also necessary in vivo. In this chapter, the function of DNA methylation and the molecular mechanisms to establish and maintain DNA methylation are described.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Nutrition, Koshien University, 10-1 Momijigaoka, Takaradura, 665-0006, Japan

    Isao Suetake

  2. Center for Twin Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Isao Suetake & Mikio Watanebe

  3. Laboratory of Supermolecular Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Kohei Takeshita

  4. Laboratory for Developmental Epigenetics, RIKEN CDB, 2-2-3 Minatojima, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan

    Saori Takahashi

  5. Laboratory of Chromosome Function and Inheritance, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Peter Carlton

Authors
  1. Isao Suetake
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  2. Mikio Watanebe
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  3. Kohei Takeshita
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  4. Saori Takahashi
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  5. Peter Carlton
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Correspondence to Isao Suetake .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan

    Atsushi Kaneda

  2. Advanced Biological Information Research Division, INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan

    Yu-ichi Tsukada

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Suetake, I., Watanebe, M., Takeshita, K., Takahashi, S., Carlton, P. (2017). The Molecular Basis of DNA Methylation. In: Kaneda, A., Tsukada, Yi. (eds) DNA and Histone Methylation as Cancer Targets. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59786-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59786-7_2

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