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DNA Methylation and Dysregulation of miRNA in Cancer

Feedback Loop Between Dysregulated miRNAs and Epigenetic Pathways in Cancer

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DNA and Histone Methylation as Cancer Targets

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

Abstract

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has resulted in major advancements in cancer research. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that function to fine tune the expression of protein coding/noncoding RNAs by repressing translation or cleaving RNA transcripts in a sequence-depending manner. The unique characteristic function of miRNAs is to regulate RNA transcripts in human cells. Therefore, dysregulated expression of miRNAs can disrupt tightly regulated RNA networks in cancer cells. miRNAs play critical roles in various biological processes, and their dysregulation has been observed in several human diseases, including cancers.

Recent studies of cancer epigenome analysis have demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modification, regulate the expression of a number of miRNAs, and conversely, these miRNAs control the expression of various epigenetic modulators, including DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and polycomb group genes. When this complicated feedback loop between miRNAs and epigenetics is dysregulated by aberrant expression of miRNAs, normal physiological functions are disrupted, and as a result, several diseases occur, including cancer. That is, dysregulation of miRNAs can affect epigenetic alterations in cancer. The present review focuses on some tumor-suppressive miRNAs that have been shown to regulate epigenetic modulators in cancer; the functional roles of these miRNAs in epigenetics are described. Elucidation of the relationship between miRNA dysregulation and epigenetic alterations will lead to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies for cancer.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan

    Akira Kurozumi, Yusuke Goto, Atsushi Okato & Naohiko Seki

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  1. Akira Kurozumi
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  2. Yusuke Goto
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  3. Atsushi Okato
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  4. Naohiko Seki
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Correspondence to Naohiko Seki .

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  1. Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan

    Atsushi Kaneda

  2. Advanced Biological Information Research Division, INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan

    Yu-ichi Tsukada

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Kurozumi, A., Goto, Y., Okato, A., Seki, N. (2017). DNA Methylation and Dysregulation of miRNA in Cancer. In: Kaneda, A., Tsukada, Yi. (eds) DNA and Histone Methylation as Cancer Targets. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59786-7_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59786-7_10

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59784-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59786-7

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