Skip to main content

Health Benefits and Uses in Medicine of Bee Venom

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Bee Products - Chemical and Biological Properties

Abstract

Bee venom has been used since ancient times as a healing treatment for various disorders. Whether humans began keeping honey bees to harvest honey or to use their stings as a therapeutic tool, we do not know. Bee sting is probably one of the first natural cures for certain symptoms. Since the first known publication of bee venom’s effect on rheumatic disorder in the late nineteenth century, scientific research has confirmed its biological properties as a therapeutic treatment against numerous diseases over the past few decades. The role of bee venom in the advancement of knowledge of human function is undeniable and further research may prove invaluable in the design and development of new therapeutic drugs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alvarez-Fischer D, Noelker C, Vulinović F, Grünewald A, Chevarin C, Klein C, Oertel WH, Hirsch EC, Michel PP, Hartmann A (2013) Bee venom and its component apamin as neuroprotective agents in a Parkinson disease mouse model. PLoS One 8:e61700

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • An HJ, Lee WR, Kim KH, Kim JY, Lee SJ, Han SM, Lee KG, Lee CK, Park KK (2014) Inhibitory effects of bee venom on Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory skin disease in an animal model. Int J Mol Med 34:1341–1348

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baron R (2009) Neuropathic pain: a clinical perspective. Handb Exp Pharmacol 194:3–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan AR, Dolinsky B, Vu MA, Stanley M, Yeckel MF, Arnsten AF (2008) Blockade of IP3-mediated SK channel signaling in the rat medial prefrontal cortex improves spatial working memory. Learn Mem 15:93–96

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cai M, Choi SM, Yang EJ (2015) The effects of bee venom acupuncture on the central nervous system and muscle in an animal hSOD1G93A mutant. Toxins 7:846–858

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Castro HJ, Mendez-Lnocencio JI, Omidvar B, Omidvar J, Santilli J, Nielsen HS Jr, Pavot AP, Richert JR, Bellanti JA (2005) A phase I study of the safety of honeybee venom extract as a possible treatment for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. Allergy Asthma Proc 26:470–476

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV (2015) Vascular smooth muscle cell in atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 214:33–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi KE, Hwang CJ, Gu SM, Park MH, Kim JH, Park JH, Ahn YJ, Kim JY, Song MJ, Song HS, Han SB, Hong JT (2014) Cancer cell growth inhibitory effect of bee venom via increase of death receptor 3 expression and inactivation of NF-kappa B in NSCLC cells. Toxins 6:2210–2228

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chung ES, Kim H, Lee G, Park S, Kim H, Bae H (2012) Neuro-protective effects of bee venom by suppression of neuroinflammatory responses in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease: role of regulatory T cells. Brain Behav Immun 26:1322–1330

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Copple BL (2010) Hypoxia stimulates hepatocyte epithelial to mesenchymal transition by hypoxia-inducible factor and transforming growth factor-beta-dependent mechanisms. Liver Int 30:669–682

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • De Martin R, Hoeth M, Hofer-Warbinek R, Schmid JA (2000) The transcription factor NF-kappa B and the regulation of vascular cell function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20:E83–E88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deschaux O, Bizot JC (2005) Apamin produces selective improvements of learning in rats. Neurosci Lett 386:5–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deschaux O, Bizot JC, Goyffon M (1997) Apamin improves learning in an object recognition task in rats. Neurosci Lett 222:159–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doherty MJ, Bird TD, Leverenz JB (2004) Alpha-synuclein in motor neuron disease: an immunohistologic study. Acta Neuropathol 107:169–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dong LH, Wen JK, Miao SB, Jia Z, Hu HJ, Sun RH, Wu Y, Han M (2010) Baicalin inhibits PDGF-BB-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through suppressing PDGFRβ-ERK signaling and increase in p27 accumulation and prevents injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Cell Res 20:1252–1262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doo AR, Kim ST, Kim SN, Moon W, Yin CS, Chae Y, Park HK, Lee H, Park HJ (2010) Neuroprotective effects of bee venom pharmaceutical acupuncture in acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Res 32(Suppl 1):88–91

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eichenfield LF, Ellis CN, Mancini AJ, Paller AS, Simpson EL (2012) Atopic dermatitis: epidemiology and pathogenesis update. Semin Cutan Med Surg 31(3 Suppl):S3–S5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eichenfield LF, Del Rosso JQ, Mancini AJ, Cook-Bolden F, Stein Gold L, Desai S, Weiss J, Pariser D, Zeichner J, Bhatia N, Kircik L (2015) Evolving perspectives on the etiology and pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol 14:263–272

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis TD, Cavanaugh JT, Earhart GM, Ford MP, Foreman KB, Thackeray A, Thiese MS, Dibble LE (2016) Identifying clinical measures that most accurately reflect the progression of disability in Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 25:65–71

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fournier C, Kourrich S, Soumireu-Mourat B, Mourre C (2001) Apamin improves reference memory but not procedural memory in rats by blocking small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in an olfactory discrimination task. Behav Brain Res 121:81–93

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V (2013) Melittin: a lytic peptide with anticancer properties. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 36:697–705

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gong X, Luo FL, Zhang L, Li HZ, Wu MJ, Li XH, Wang B, Hu N, Wang CD, Yang JQ, Wan JY (2010) Tetrandrine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice. Int Immunopharmacol 10:357–363

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grange PA, Raingeaud J, Calvez V, Dupin N (2009) Nicotinamide inhibits Propionibacterium acnes-induced IL-8 production in keratinocytes through the NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways. J Dermatol Sci 56:106–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gwak YS, Crown ED, Unabia GC, Hulsebosch CE (2008) Propentofylline attenuates allodynia, glial activation and modulates GABAergic tone after spinal cord injury in the rat. Pain 138:410–422

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hai Z, Zuo W (2016) Aberrant DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 456:69–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Han SM, Lee KG, Park KK, Pak SC (2013) Skin sensitization study of bee venom (Apis mellifera L.) in guinea pigs and rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 32:27–30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Han SM, Hong IP, Woo SO, Chun SN, Park KK, Nicholls YM, Pak SC (2015) The beneficial effects of honeybee-venom serum on facial wrinkles in humans. Clin Interv Aging 10:1587–1592

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huh JE, Baek YH, Lee MH, Choi DY, Park DS, Lee JD (2010) Bee venom inhibits tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in LLC-tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Lett 292:98–110

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikonen S, Riekkinen P Jr (1999) Effects of apamin on memory processing of hippocampal-lesioned mice. Eur J Pharmacol 382:151–156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikonen S, Schmidt B, Riekkinen P Jr (1998) Apamin improves spatial navigation in medial septal-lesioned mice. Eur J Pharmacol 347:13–21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inan SY, Aksu F, Baysal F (2000) The effects of some K(+) channel blockers on scopolamine- or electroconvulsive shock-induced amnesia in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 407:159–164

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong YJ, Cho HJ, Whang K, Lee IS, Park KK, Choe JY, Han SM, Kim CH, Chang HW, Moon SK, Kim WJ, Choi YH, Chang YC (2012) Melittin has an inhibitory effect on TNF-α-induced migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells by blocking the MMP-9 expression. Food Chem Toxicol 50:3996–4002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jo M, Park MH, Kollipara PS, An BJ, Song HS, Han SB, Kim JH, Song MJ, Hong JT (2012) Anti-cancer effect of bee venom toxin and melittin in ovarian cancer cells through induction of death receptors and inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 258:72–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kallarackal AJ, Simard JM, Bailey AM (2013) The effect of apamin, a small conductance calcium activated potassium (SK) channel blocker, on a mouse model of neurofibromatosis 1. Behav Brain Res 237:71–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang SY, Kim CY, Roh DH, Yoon SY, Park JH, Lee HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH (2011) Chemical stimulation of the ST36 acupoint reduces both formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors and spinal astrocyte activation via spinal alpha-2 adrenoceptors. Brain Res Bull 86:412–421

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang SY, Roh DH, Park JH, Lee HJ, Lee JH (2012a) Activation of spinal α2-adrenoceptors using diluted bee venom stimulation reduces cold allodynia in neuropathic pain rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:784713

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kang SY, Roh DH, Yoon SY, Moon JY, Kim HW, Lee HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH (2012b) Repetitive treatment with diluted bee venom reduces neuropathic pain via potentiation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuronal activity and modulation of spinal NR1 phosphorylation in rats. J Pain 13:155–166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang SY, Roh DH, Choi JW, Ryu Y, Lee JH (2015) Repetitive treatment with diluted bee venom attenuates the induction of below-level neuropathic pain behaviors in a rat spinal cord injury model. Toxins 7:2571–2585

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi A, Ahmadi F, Parivar K, Nabiuni M, Haghighi S, Imani S, Afrouzi H (2012) Effect of honey bee venom on lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a model for multiple sclerosis. Iran J Pharm Res 11:671–678

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Khalil WK, Assaf N, ElShebiney SA, Salem NA (2015) Neuroprotective effects of bee venom acupuncture therapy against rotenone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Neurochem Int 80:79–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim J (2005) Review of the innate immune response in acne vulgaris: activation of Toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytokine responses. Dermatology 211:193–198

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim KH, Kum YS, Park YY, Park JH, Kim SJ, Lee WR, Lee KG, Han SM, Park KK (2010) The protective effect of bee venom against ethanol-induced hepatic injury via regulation of the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 107:619–624

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JI, Yang EJ, Lee MS, Kim YS, Huh Y, Cho IH, Kang S, Koh HK (2011a) Bee venom reduces neuroinflammation in the MPTP-induced model of Parkinson’s disease. Int J Neurosci 121:209–217

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SJ, Park JH, Kim KH, Lee WR, Kim KS, Park KK (2011b) Melittin inhibits atherosclerosis in LPS/high-fat treated mice through atheroprotective actions. J Atheroscler Thromb 18:1117–1126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SJ, Park JH, Kim KH, Lee WR, Pak SC, Han SM, Park KK (2012a) The protective effect of apamin on LPS/fat-induced atherosclerotic mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:305454

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SJ, Park JH, Kim KH, Lee WR, An HJ, Min BK, Han SM, Kim KS, Park KK (2012b) Apamin inhibits THP-1-derived macrophage apoptosis via mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. Exp Mol Pathol 93:129–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim KH, Lee WR, An HJ, Kim JY, Chung H, Han SM, Lee ML, Lee KG, Pak SC, Park KK (2013) Bee venom ameliorates compound 48/80-induced atopic dermatitis-related symptoms. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 6:2896–2903

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim H, Keum DJ, won Kwak J, Chung HS, Bae H (2014) Bee venom phospholipase A2 protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by modulating regulatory T cells and IL-10 in mice. PLoS One 9:27

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim JY, Kim KH, Lee WR, An HJ, Lee SJ, Han SM, Lee KG, Park YY, Kim KS, Lee YS, Park KK (2015a) Apamin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through suppressions of activated Akt and Erk signaling pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 70:8–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JY, Lee WR, Kim KH, An HJ, Chang YC, Han SM, Park YY, Pak SC, Park KK (2015b) Effects of bee venom against Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes and monocytes. Int J Mol Med 35:1651–1656

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kisseleva T, Brenner DA (2007) Role of hepatic stellate cells in fibrogenesis and the reversal of fibrosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22(Suppl 1):S73–S78

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper EF, Nelemans A, Luiten P, Nijholt I, Dolga A, Eisel U (2012) K(Ca)2 and k(ca)3 channels in learning and memory processes, and neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 3:107

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WR, Park JH, Kim KH, Park YY, Han SM, Park KK (2011a) Protective effects of melittin on transforming growth factor-β1 injury to hepatocytes via anti-apoptotic mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 256:209–215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee H, Lee EJ, Kim H, Lee G, Um EJ, Kim Y, Lee BY, Bae H (2011b) Bee venom-associated Th1/Th2 immunoglobulin class switching results in immune tolerance of NZB/W F1 murine lupus nephritis. Am J Nephrol 34:163–172

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SH, Choi SM, Yang EJ (2014a) Melittin ameliorates the inflammation of organs in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis animal model. Exp Neurobiol 23:86–92

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WR, Kim KH, An HJ, Kim JY, Lee SJ, Han SM, Pak SC, Park KK (2014b) Apamin inhibits hepatic fibrosis through suppression of transforming growth factor β1-induced hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 450:195–201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WR, Kim KH, An HJ, Kim JY, Chang YC, Chung H, Park YY, Lee ML, Park KK (2014c) The protective effects of melittin on Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 134:1922–1930

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SH, Choi SM, Yang EJ (2015) Bee venom acupuncture augments anti-inflammation in the peripheral organs of hSOD1G93A transgenic mice. Toxins 7:2835–2844

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mancini GB (2002) Antiatherosclerotic effects of calcium channel blockers. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 45:1–20

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mazzoni P, Shabbott B, Cortés JC (2012) Motor control abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2:a009282

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Messier C, Mourre C, Bontempi B, Sif J, Lazdunski M, Destrade C (1991) Effect of apamin, a toxin that inhibits Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels, on learning and memory processes. Brain Res 551:322–326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida N, Yano H, Nishida T, Kamura T, Kojiro M (2006) Angiogenesis in cancer. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2:213–219

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • OrÅ¡olić N (2012) Bee venom in cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 31:173–194

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park JH, Jeong YJ, Park KK, Cho HJ, Chung IK, Min KS, Kim M, Lee KG, Yeo JH, Park KK, Chang YC (2010a) Melittin suppresses PMA-induced tumor cell invasion by inhibiting NF-kappaB and AP-1-dependent MMP-9 expression. Mol Cells 29:209–215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park JH, Kim KH, Kim SJ, Lee WR, Lee KG, Park KK (2010b) Bee venom protects hepatocytes from tumor necrosis factor-alpha and actinomycin D. Arch Pharm Res 33:215–223

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park JH, Kim KH, Kim SJ, Lee WR, Lee KG, Park JH, Park KK (2010c) Effect of bee venom on transforming growth factor-beta1-treated hepatocytes. Int J Toxicol 29:49–56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park MH, Choi MS, Kwak DH, Oh KW, Yoon do Y, Han SB, Song HS, Song MJ, Hong JT (2011a) Anti-cancer effect of bee venom in prostate cancer cells through activation of caspase pathway via inactivation of NF-κB. Prostate 71:801–812

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park JH, Kum YS, Lee TI, Kim SJ, Lee WR, Kim BI, Kim HS, Kim KH, Park KK (2011b) Melittin attenuates liver injury in thioacetamide-treated mice through modulating inflammation and fibrogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 236:1306–1313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park JH, Kim KH, Lee WR, Han SM, Park KK (2012) Protective effect of melittin on inflammation and apoptosis in acute liver failure. Apoptosis 17:61–69

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park JH, Lee WR, Kim HS, Han SM, Chang YC, Park KK (2014) Protective effects of melittin on tumor necrosis factor-α induced hepatic damage through suppression of apoptotic pathway and nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 239:1705–1714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrenko AB, Yamakura T, Baba H, Shimoji K (2003) The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in pain: a review. Anesth Analg 97:1108–1116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Presley RW, Menétrey D, Levine JD, Basbaum AI (1990) Systemic morphine suppresses noxious stimulus-evoked Fos protein-like immunoreactivity in the rat spinal cord. J Neurosci 10:323–335

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Redler RL, Dokholyan NV (2012) The complex molecular biology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 107:215–262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Roh DH, Kwon YB, Kim HW, Ham TW, Yoon SY, Kang SY, Han HJ, Lee HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH (2004) Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) alleviates thermal hyperalgesia in a rodent neuropathic pain model: involvement of spinal alpha 2-adrenoceptors. J Pain 5:297–303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roh DH, Kim HW, Yoon SY, Seo HS, Kwon YB, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH (2008a) Depletion of capsaicin-sensitive afferents prevents lamina-dependent increases in spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 expression and phosphorylation associated with thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats. Eur J Pain 12:552–563

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roh DH, Kim HW, Yoon SY, Seo HS, Kwon YB, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH (2008b) Intrathecal clonidine suppresses phosphorylation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit in spinal dorsal horn neurons of rats with neuropathic pain. Anesth Analg 107:693–700

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roh DH, Yoon SY, Seo HS, Kang SY, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH (2010) Intrathecal injection of carbenoxolone, a gap junction decoupler, attenuates the induction of below-level neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol 224:123–132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salthun-Lassalle B, Hirsch EC, Wolfart J, Ruberg M, Michel PP (2004) Rescue of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in culture by low-level stimulation of voltage-gated sodium channels. J Neurosci 24:5922–5930

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shin Y, Yoon SH, Choe EY, Cho SH, Woo CH, Rho JY, Kim JH (2007) PMA-induced up-regulation of MMP-9 is regulated by a PKCalpha-NF-kappaB cascade in human lung epithelial cells. Exp Mol Med 39:97–105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silva AJ, Frankland PW, Marowitz Z, Friedman E, Laszlo GS, Cioffi D, Jacks T, Bourtchuladze R (1997) A mouse model for the learning and memory deficits associated with neurofibromatosis type I. Nat Genet 15:281–284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Son DJ, Ha SJ, Song HS, Lim Y, Yun YP, Lee JW, Moon DC, Park YH, Park BS, Song MJ, Hong JT (2006) Melittin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through induction of apoptosis via suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB and Akt activation and enhancement of apoptotic protein expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 317:627–634

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stackman RW, Hammond RS, Linardatos E, Gerlach A, Maylie J, Adelman JP, Tzounopoulos T (2002) Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels modulate synaptic plasticity and memory encoding. J Neurosci 22:10163–10171

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stross L, Günther J, Gasteiger G, Asen T, Graf S, Aichler M, Esposito I, Busch DH, Knolle P, Sparwasser T, Protzer U (2012) Foxp3+ regulatory T cells protect the liver from immune damage and compromise virus control during acute experimental hepatitis B virus infection in mice. Hepatology 56:873–883

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tang S, Lui SL, Lai KN (2005) Pathogenesis of lupus nephritis: an update. Nephrology (Carlton) 10:174–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toulorge D, Guerreiro S, Hild A, Maskos U, Hirsch EC, Michel PP (2011) Neuroprotection of midbrain dopamine neurons by nicotine is gated by cytoplasmic Ca2+. FASEB J 25:2563–2573

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vranceanu AM, Merker VL, Park ER, Plotkin SR (2015) Quality of life among children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis 1: a systematic review of the literature. J Neurooncol 122:219–228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wesselius T, Heersema DJ, Mostert JP, Heerings M, Admiraal-Behloul F, Talebian A, van Buchem MA, De Keyser J (2005) A randomized crossover study of bee sting therapy for multiple sclerosis. Neurology 65:1764–1768

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wootla B, Watzlawik JO, Stavropoulos N, Wittenberg NJ, Dasari H, Abdelrahim MA, Henley JR, Oh SH, Warrington AE, Rodriguez M (2016) Recent advances in monoclonal antibody therapies for multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 16:827–839

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang EJ, Choi SM (2013) α-Synuclein modification in an ALS animal model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013:259381

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang EJ, Kim SH, Yang SC, Lee SM, Choi SM (2011) Melittin restores proteasome function in an animal model of ALS. J Neuroinflammation 8:69

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang JS, Lin CW, Su SC, Yang SF (2016) Pharmacodynamic considerations in the use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 12:191–200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon SY, Roh DH, Kwon YB, Kim HW, Seo HS, Han HJ, Lee HJ, Beitz AJ, Lee JH (2009) Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model. J Pain 10:253–263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Kong H, Zeng X, Guo L, Sun X, He S (2014) Subsets of regulatory T cells and their roles in allergy. J Transl Med 12:125

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuo M, Wu G, Wu LJ (2011) Neuronal and microglial mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Mol Brain 4:31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo LJ, Yu SY, Wang F, Hu Y, Piao YS, Du Y, Lian TH, Wang RD, Yu QJ, Wang YJ, Wang XM, Chan P, Chen SD, Wang Y, Zhang W (2016) Parkinson’s disease with fatigue: clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms relevant to α-synuclein oligomer. J Clin Neurol 12:172–180

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sok Cheon Pak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pak, S.C. (2017). Health Benefits and Uses in Medicine of Bee Venom. In: Alvarez-Suarez, J. (eds) Bee Products - Chemical and Biological Properties. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59689-1_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics