Skip to main content

Antiphospholipid Syndrome

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Consults in Obstetric Anesthesiology

Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disorder that is characterized by the presence of antibodies to phospholipid-binding proteins and several other clinical findings. This syndrome results in frequent thromboses and a high level of peripartum morbidity. Women who are pregnant or are considering pregnancy should be carefully evaluated and placed on the appropriate thrombophylaxis for the duration of the pregnancy. The most important consideration for anesthesia providers is the management of thrombophylaxis during the laboring period. Neuraxial anesthesia should be managed carefully with the ASRA (American Society of Regional Anesthesia) anticoagulation guidelines, and patients should be carefully monitored for both bleeding and significant thromboses during the course of labor. Postpartum considerations include the potential development of life-threatening thrombosis and decision about long-term anticoagulation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

APS:

Antiphospholipid syndrome

ASRA:

American Society of Regional Anesthesia

LMWH:

Low molecular weight heparin

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

References

  1. Hurley JH, Tsujishita Y, Pearson MA. Floundering about at cell membranes: a structural view of phospholipid signaling. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2000;10:737–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tong M, Viall CA, Chamley LW. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the placenta: a systematic review of their in vitro effects and modulation by treatment. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21(1):97–118.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Miyakis S, Lockshin M, Atsumi T, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:295–306.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Gómez-Puerta JA, Cervera R. Diagnosis and classification of the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Autoimmun. 2014;48–49:20–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Lima F, Khamastha MA, Buchanan NM, et al. A study of sixty pregnancies in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1996;14:131–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Loizou S, Byron MA, Englert HJ, et al. Association of quantitative anticardiolipin antibody levels with fetal loss and time of loss in systemic lupus erythematosus. Q J Med. 1988;68:525–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. McNeil HP, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA. Immunology and clinical importance of antiphosphlipid antibodies. Adv Immunol. 1991;49:193–280.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Parke AL, Wilson D, Maier D. The prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion, women with successful pregnancies, and women who have never been pregnant. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:1231–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Prado AD, Piovesan DM, Staub HL, Horta BL. Association of anticardiolipin antibodies with preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116:1433–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Crowther M, Branch W, Khamastha MA. Antiphospholipid syndrome. Lancet. 2010;367:1498–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Greer IA, Nelson-Piercy C. Low-molecular-weight heparins for thromboprophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: a systematic review of safety and efficacy. Blood. 2005;106:401–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Noble LS, Kutteh WH, Lashey N, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with recurrent pregnancy loss: prospective, multicenter, controlled pilot study comparing treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:684–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kutteh WH, Ermel LD. A clinical trial for the treatment of antiphospholipid-antibody associated recurrent pregnancy loss with lower dose heparin and aspirin. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1996;35:402–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Erkan D, Yazici Y, Peterson MG, Sammaritano L, Lockshin MD. A cross-sectional study of clinical thrombotic risk factors and preventive treatments in antiphospholipid syndrome. Rheumatology. 2002;41:924–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, et al. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy. American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35:64–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Cevera R, Bucciarelli S, Plasin MA, Gomez-Puerta JA, Plaza J, Pons-Estel G, et al. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS): descriptive analysis of a series of 280 patients from the “CAPS Registry”. J Autoimmun. 2009;32:240–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shobana Chandrasekhar M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Paek, J., Chandrasekhar, S. (2018). Antiphospholipid Syndrome. In: Mankowitz, S. (eds) Consults in Obstetric Anesthesiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59680-8_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59680-8_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59679-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59680-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics