Skip to main content

Earthquakes: The Indian Context

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Preparing for Earthquakes: Lessons for India

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science ((BRIEFSENVIRONMENTAL))

  • 289 Accesses

Abstract

Nature has its own ways of expressing itself and natural phenomena have always been a wonder to mankind. Many natural processes are looked upon as natural disasters mainly because human beings have not been able to respond to them appropriately. Earthquake is one such disaster that has affected the mankind the most. Due to lack of knowledge and unsafe construction practices, earthquakes still cause widespread destruction leading to loss of lives and property. Earthquake can cause multi-level hazards resulting from ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, floods, liquefaction, landslide and tsunami. When an earthquake hits, urban centres and cities experience more loss mostly because of high population density, improper planning, poor land use, substandard construction practices and quality of construction material.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abhishek, K., Anbazhagan, P., & Sitharam, T. G. (2013). Seismic hazard analysis of Lucknow considering local and active seismic gaps. Natural Hazards, 69, 327–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia, S. C., Kumar, M. R., & Gupta, H. K. (1999). A probabilistic seismic hazard map of India and adjoining regions. Annali di Geofisica, 42, 1153–1166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boominathan, A., Dodagoudar, G. R., Suganthi, A., & Uma Maheswari, R. (2008). Seismic hazard assessment of Chennai city considering local site effects. Journal of Earth System Science, 117(S2), 853–863.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra, U. (1977). Earthquakes of Peninsula India-a seismotectonic study. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 67, 1387–1413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curray, J. R. (2005). Tectonics and history of the Andaman Sea region. Asian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25, 187–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta, S., & Mukhopadhyay, M. (1993). Seismicity and plate deformation below the Andaman Arc, Northeast Indian Ocean. Tectonophysics, 225, 529–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta, S., & Mukhopadhyay, M. (1997). Aseismicity of the Andaman subduction zone and recent volcanism. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 49, 513–521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta, S., Mukhopadhyay, B., & Acharyya, A. (2007a). Seismotectonic of Andaman-Nicobar region: Constraints from aftershocks within 24 hours of the great 26 December 2004 earthquake. Geological Survey of India Special Publication, 89, 95–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta, S., Mukhopadhyay, B., & Bhattacharya, A. (2007b). Seismicity pattern in north Sumatra—Great Nicobar region: In search of precursor for the 26 December 2004 earthquake. Journal of Earth System Science, 116(3), 215–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta, S., Mukhopadhyay, M., Bhattacharya, A., & Jana, T. K. (2003). The geometry of the Burmese–Andaman subducting lithosphere. Journal of Seismology, 7, 155–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deshikachar, S. V. (1974). A review of the tectonic and geological history of eastern India in terms of “plate tectonics” theory. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 15, 137–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eguchi, T., Uyeda, S., & Maki, T. (1979). Seismotectonics and tectonic history of Andaman sea. Tectonophysics, 57, 35–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, P. (1964). The tectonic framework of Assam. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 5, 80–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, I. D. (2006). Delineation of probable seismic sources in India and neighbourhood by a comprehensive analysis of seismotectonic characteristics of the region. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26, 766–790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IS-1893. (2002). Indian standard criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, Part 1—General provisions and buildings. New Delhi: Bureau of Indian Standards Bureau of Indian Standards.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iyengar, R. N., & Ghosh, S. (2004). Microzonation of earthquake hazard in greater Delhi area. Current Science, 87, 1193–1202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iyengar, R. N., et al. (2010). Development of probabilistic seismic hazard map of India. Technical report of the Working Committee of Experts (WCE) constituted by the National Disaster Management Authority. New Delhi: Govt. of India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaiswal, K., & Sinha, R. (2007). Probabilistic seismic-hazard estimation for peninsular India. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(1B), 318–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kayal, J. R. (2008). Microearthquake seismology and seismotectonics of south Asia (1st ed.). New Delhi: Springer and Capital Publishing Company. ISBN: 978-1-4020-8179-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khattri, K. N., Rogers, A. M., Perkins, D. M., & Algermissen, S. T. (1984). A seismic hazard map of India and adjacent areas. Tectonophysics, 108, 93–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolathayar, S., & Sitharam, T. G. (2012a). Characterization of regional seismic source zones in and around India. Seismological Research Letters (Seismological Society of America), 83(1), 77–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolathayar, S., & Sitharam, T. G. (2012b). Comprehensive probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Andaman-Nicobar regions. Bulletin of Seismological Society of America (SSA), 102(5), 2063–2076.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolathayar, S., Sitharam, T. G., & Vipin, K. S. (2012). Deterministic seismic hazard macrozonation of India. Journal of Earth System Sciences (Springer), 121(5), 1351–1364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan, M. S. (1953). The structure and tectonic history of India. Memoir of Geological Survey of India, 81, 137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, P., Yuan, X., Ravi Kumar, M., Kind, R., Li, X., & Chadha, R. K. (2007). The rapid drift of Indian tectonic plate. Nature, 449, 894–897.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menon, A., Ornthammarath, T., Corigliano, M., & Lai, C. G. (2010). Probabilistic seismic hazard macrozonation of Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 1320–1341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty, W. K., & Walling, M. Y. (2008). First order seismic microzonation of Haldia, Bengal basin (India) using a GIS platform. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 165(7), 1325–1350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar P and Tapponnier P (1979). The collision between India and Eurasia. In B. A. Bolt (Ed.), Earthquakes and volcanoes, Procs., from Scientific American (pp. 62–73). San Francisco: WH Freeman and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukhopadhyay, M. (1984). Seismotectonics of subduction and backarc rifting under the Andaman Sea. Tectonophysics, 108, 229–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukhopadhyay, M. (1988). Gravity anomalies and deep structure of Andaman arc. Marine Geophysical Research, 9, 197–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan, J. P., Sharma, M. L., & Kumar, A. A seismological report on the January 26, 2001 Bhuj, India earthquake. Seismological Research Letters, 2002, 73(3), 343–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nath, S. K., & Thingbaijam, K. K. S. (2010). Peak ground motion predictions in India: An appraisal for rock sites. Journal of Seismology, 15(2), 295–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nath, S. K., & Thingbaijam, K. K. S. (2012). Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of India. Seismological Research Letters, 83(1), 135–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parvez, I. A., Vaccari, F., & Panza, G. F. (2003). A deterministic seismic hazard map of India and adjacent areas. Geophysics Journal International, 155, 489–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raghu Kanth, S. T. G., & Iyengar, R. N. (2006). Seismic hazard estimation for Mumbai city. Current Science, 91(11), 1486–1494.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai, D. C., & Murty, C. V. R.. (2003). Reconnaissance report: North Andaman (Diglipur) earthquake of 14 September 2002. Dept. of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, United Nations Development Programme, New Delhi, India, and NICEE, IIT Kanpur, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajendran, K., & Gupta, H. K. (1989). Seismicity and tectonic stress field of a part of the Burma-Andaman-Nicobar Arc. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 79, 989–1005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, B. V., & Murty, B. V. S. (1970). Earthquakes and tectonics in peninsular India. Journal of Indian Geophysical Union, 7, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeber, L., Armbruster, J. G., & Jacob, K. H. (1999). Probabilistic assessment of earthquake hazard for the state of Maharashtra. Report to Government of Maharashtra Earthquake Rehabilitation Cell, Mumbai.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, M. L. Seismic hazard in Northern India region. Seismological Research Letters, 2003, 74(2), 140–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, M. L., & Malik, S. (2006). Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and estimation of spectral strong ground motion on Bed rock in North East India. 4th International Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan, Oct 12–13, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sil, A., Sitharam, T. G., & Kolathayar, S. (2013). Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Tripura and Mizoram states. Natural Hazards, 68(2), 1089–1108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, R. K. (2009). Probabilistic seismic hazard and risk analysis: A case study for Ahmedabad city. Ph.D. thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sitharam, T. G., & Anbazhagan, P. (2007). Seismic hazard analysis for the Bangalore region. Natural Hazards, 40, 261–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TC4-ISSMGE (1999) Manual for zonation on seismic geotechnical hazard (Revised edition). Technical Committee for Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (TC4) of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) 209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vipin, K. S., Anbazhagan, P., & Sitharam, T. G. (2009). Estimation of peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration for South India with local site effects: Probabilistic approach. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 865–878.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sitharam, T.G., Kolathayar, S. (2018). Earthquakes: The Indian Context. In: Preparing for Earthquakes: Lessons for India. SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59522-1_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics