Abstract
In our modern industrial society the group of the older (generation 65+) is constantly growing. Many subjects of this group are severely affected by their health and are suffering from disability and pain. The problem with chronic illness and pain is that it lowers the patient’s quality of life, and therefore accurate pain assessment is needed to facilitate effective pain management and treatment. In the future, automatic pain monitoring may enable health care professionals to assess and manage pain in a more and more objective way. To this end, the goal of our SenseEmotion project is to develop automatic pain- and emotion-recognition systems for successful assessment and effective personalized management of pain, particularly for the generation 65+. In this paper the recently created SenseEmotion Database for pain- vs. emotion-recognition is presented. Data of 45 healthy subjects is collected to this database. For each subject approximately 30 min of multimodal sensory data has been recorded. For a comprehensive understanding of pain and affect three rather different modalities of data are included in this study: biopotentials, camera images of the facial region, and, for the first time, audio signals. Heat stimulation is applied to elicit pain, and affective image stimuli accompanied by sound stimuli are used for the elicitation of emotional states.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
The IAPS identification numbers for the pleasant images were: 1650, 2216, 4311, 4611, 4658, 4659, 4664, 4676, 4677, 4690, 4694, 4695, 4800, 4810, 5460, 5470, 5626, 5629, 7502, 8030, 8080,8178, 8179, 8180, 8185, 8186, 8191, 8193, 8210, 8251, 8300, 8340, 8341, 8370, 8499, 8501. The identification numbers for the unpleasant images were: 1050, 1052, 1113, 1120, 1201, 1525, 1932, 2811, 3150, 3250, 3400, 3500, 5972, 6021, 6022, 6210, 6212, 6260, 6312, 6315, 6415, 6510, 6530, 6550, 6570, 6821, 8480, 8485, 9050, 9250, 9254, 9300, 9600, 9620, 9622, 9902, 9910, 9921. The identification number for the neutral images were: 5471, 5731, 6150, 7002, 7009, 7025, 7030, 7034, 7035, 7036, 7038, 7040, 7041, 7050, 7052, 7053, 7055, 7056, 7057, 7059, 7090, 7100, 7130, 7140, 7150, 7161, 7170, 7185, 7233, 7235, 7493, 7500, 7547, 7705. Mean valence and arousal ratings across image sets were: pleasant images (valance: M = 6.94, arousal: M = 6.40), unpleasant images (valance: M = 2.72, arousal: M = 6.42), and neutral images (valance: M = 5.03, arousal: M = 2.96).
- 2.
The EmoPicS identification numbers for the pleasant images were: 006, 008, 028, 043, 050, 052, 053, 055, 056, 057, 058, 059, 061, 062, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 069, 070, 071, 075, 078. The identification numbers for the unpleasant images were: 207, 210, 211, 213, 214, 216, 219, 222, 229, 231, 232, 235, 238, 244, 250, 251, 252, 254, 321, 325, 326, 329. The identification numbers for the neutral images were: 123, 125, 127, 185, 188, 195, 196, 277, 281, 301, 302, 318, 335, 341, 342, 349, 354, 356, 365, 368, 371, 372, 373, 374, 376, 377. Mean valence and arousal ratings across image sets were: pleasant images (valance: M = 6.94, arousal: M = 5.57), unpleasant images (valance: M = 2.61, arousal: M = 6.26), and neutral images (valance: M = 5.02, arousal: M = 2.84).
- 3.
References
Boiten, F.A., Frijda, N.H., Wientjes, C.J.E.: Emotions and respiratory patterns: review and critical analysis. Int. J. Psychophysiol. Official J. Int. Organ. Psychophysiol. 17(2), 103–128 (1994)
Bradley, M.M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B.N., Lang, P.J.: Emotion and motivation I: defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 1(3), 276–298 (2001)
Bradley, M.M., Lang, P.J.: Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 25(1), 49–59 (1994)
Greenwald, M.K., Cook, E.W., Lang, P.J.: Affective judgment and psychophysiological response: dimensional covariation in the evaluation of pictorial stimuli. J. Psychophysiol. 3, 51–64 (1989)
Gruss, S.: Schmerzerkennung anhand psychophysiologischer Signale mithilfe maschineller Lerner. Dissertation, Universität Ulm (2015)
Gruss, S., Treister, R., Werner, P., Traue, H.C., Crawcour, S., Andrade, A., Walter, S.: Pain intensity recognition rates via biopotential feature patterns with support vector machines. PLoS ONE 10(10), 1–14 (2015)
Haag, A., Goronzy, S., Schaich, P., Williams, J.: Emotion recognition using bio-sensors: first steps towards an automatic system. In: André, E., Dybkjær, L., Minker, W., Heisterkamp, P. (eds.) ADS 2004. LNCS, vol. 3068, pp. 36–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24842-2_4
Hammal, Z., Cohn, J.F.: Automatic detection of pain intensity. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, ICMI 2012, pp. 47–52. ACM, New York (2012)
Healey, J.: Physiological sensing of emotion. In: Calvo, R., D’Mello, S., Gratch, J., Kappas, A., (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Affective Computing, pp. 204–216. Oxford University Press, New York (2015)
Jensen, C., Vasseljen, O., Westgaard, R.H.: The influence of electrode position on bipolar surface electromyogram recordings of the upper trapezius muscle. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 67(3), 266–273 (1993)
Kächele, M., Amirian, M., Thiam, P., Werner, P., Walter, S., Palm, G., Schwenker, F.: Adaptive confidence learning for the personalization of pain intensity estimation systems. Evolving Syst. 8(1), 71–83 (2017)
Kehlet, H.: Acute pain control and accelerated postoperative surgical recovery. Surg. Clin. North Am. 79(2), 431–443 (1999)
Kim, J., André, E.: Emotion recognition based on physiological changes in music listening. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 30(12), 2067–2083 (2008)
Lang, P.J.: Behavioral treatment and bio-behavioral assessment: Computer applications. In: Sidowski, J.B., Johnson, J.H., Williams, T.A. (eds.) Technology in Mental Health Care Delivery Systems, pp. 119–137. Ablex Publishing, Norwood (1980)
Lang, P.J.: The emotion probe: studies of motivation and attention. Am. Psychol. 50(5), 372–85 (1995)
Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., Cuthbert, B.N.: International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Technical report A-8, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (2008)
Lang, P.J., Greenwald, M.K., Bradley, M.M., Hamm, A.O.: Looking at pictures: affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology 30(3), 261–273 (1993)
Lautenbacher, S.: Schmerzmessung. In: Basler, H.D., Franz, C., Kröner-Herwig, B., Rehfisch, H.P. (eds.) Psychologische Schmerztherapie, pp. 271–288. Springer, Berlin (2004)
Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., Werner, P., Traue, H.C., Walter, S.: Mimische Aktivität differenzierter Schmerzintensitäten. Korrelation der Merkmale von Facial Action Coding System und Elektromyografie. Der. Schmerz 30(3), 248–256 (2016)
McQuay, H., Moore, A., Justins, D.: Treating acute pain in hospital. Br. Med. J. 314(7093), 1531–1535 (1997)
Meagher, M.W., Arnau, R.C., Rhudy, J.L.: Pain and emotion: effects of affective picture modulation. Psychosom. Med. 63(1), 79–90 (2001)
Medoc advanced medical systems (2009)
Rhudy, J.L., Williams, A.E., McCabe, K.M., Nguyen, M.A., Rambo, P.: Affective modulation of nociception at spinal and supraspinal levels. Psychophysiology 42(5), 579–587 (2005)
Serpell, M.: Handbook of Pain Management. Springer, New York (2008)
Tan, J.W., Andrade, A.O., Li, H., Walter, S., Hrabal, D., Rukavina, S., Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., Hoffman, H., Traue, H.C.: Recognition of intensive valence and arousal affective states via facial electromyographic activity in young and senior adults. PLoS ONE 11(1), 1–14 (2016)
Wagner, J., Lingenfelser, F., Baur, T., Damian, I., Kistler, F., André, E.: The social signal interpretation (SSI) framework: multimodal signal processing and recognition in real-time. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Multimedia - MM 2013, pp. 831–834. ACM Press, New York (2013)
Walter, S., Gruss, S., Ehleiter, H., Tan, J., Traue, H.C., Crawcour, S., Werner, P., Al-Hamadi, A., Andrade, A.O., Moreira da Silva, G.: The BioVid heat pain database - data for the advancement and systematic validation of an automated pain recognition system. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF), pp. 128–131. IEEE, June 2013
Walter, S., Gruss, S., Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., Traue, H.C., Werner, P., Al-Hamadi, A., Diniz, N., Moreira, G., Andrade, A.O.: Automatic pain quantification using autonomic parameters. Psychol. Neurosci. 7(3), 363–380 (2014)
Werner, P., Al-Hamadi, A., Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., Walter, S., Gruss, S., Traue, H.C.: Automatic pain assessment with facial activity descriptors. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 99, 1–14 (2016)
Wessa, M., Kanske, P., Neumeister, P., Bode, K., Heissler, J., Schönfelder, S.: EmoPics: Subjektive und psychophysiologische Evaluation neuen Bildmaterials für die klinisch-bio-psychologische Forschung. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 39(Suppl. 1/11), 77 (2010)
Wewers, M.E., Lowe, N.K.: A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Res. Nurs. Health 13(4), 227–236 (1990)
Zwakhalen, S.M.G., Hamers, J.P.H., Abu-Saad, H.H., Berger, M.P.F.: Pain in elderly people with severe dementia: a systematic review of behavioural pain assessment tools. BMC Geriatr. 6(3), 1–15 (2006)
Acknowledgment
This paper is based on work done within the project SenseEmotion funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Velana, M. et al. (2017). The SenseEmotion Database: A Multimodal Database for the Development and Systematic Validation of an Automatic Pain- and Emotion-Recognition System. In: Schwenker, F., Scherer, S. (eds) Multimodal Pattern Recognition of Social Signals in Human-Computer-Interaction. MPRSS 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10183. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59259-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59259-6_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59258-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59259-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)