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Understanding Information pp 153–174Cite as

Distributed and Connected Information in the Internet

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Part of the book series: Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing ((AI&KP))

Abstract

The Internet has established itself as the universal data and information infrastructure. It is used not only for providing and retrieving data in a diverse range of application domains involving human and machine actors, but also as a distributed processing platform. We investigate Internet data and information with a number of technological questions in mind: In which format should data be represented? Where and how should it be stored? How can data be managed? How can the data relevant to a specific need be found in the vast space of the Internet? How can it be accessed by human and machine users, and how can it be processed into information? We cover the Web including the processing of textual, user-generated and Linked Data, as well as the Internet as a processing platform with data exchange between services and for handling Big Data.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Google. https://www.google.com/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  2. 2.

    Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  3. 3.

    Amazon. https://www.amazon.com/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  4. 4.

    Please note that we follow the widely used distinction between data and information, where information is structured and interpreted data (Manning et al. 2008).

  5. 5.

    In a very strict sense unstructured data should rather be called semi-structured because some structure is inevitably present, e.g., natural language text follows the language’s inherent grammatical rules (Manning et al. 2008).

  6. 6.

    CERN. https://home.cern/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  7. 7.

    W3C. https://www.w3.org/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  8. 8.

    Apache Tomcat. http://tomcat.apache.org/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  9. 9.

    Bing. https://www.bing.com/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  10. 10.

    Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  11. 11.

    Text REtrieval Conference (TREC). http://trec.nist.gov/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  12. 12.

    WordPress. https://wordpress.com/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  13. 13.

    IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  14. 14.

    Stack Overflow. http://stackoverflow.com/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  15. 15.

    Twitter. https://twitter.com/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  16. 16.

    Google Translate. https://translate.google.com/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  17. 17.

    WolframAlpha. https://www.wolframalpha.com/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  18. 18.

    Siri. http://www.apple.com/ios/siri/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  19. 19.

    Cortana. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/cortana. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  20. 20.

    Hadoop. https://hadoop.apache.org/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  21. 21.

    Spark. http://spark.apache.org/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  22. 22.

    Open Data, USA. https://www.data.gov/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  23. 23.

    Open Data, EU. http://open-data.europa.eu. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  24. 24.

    Open Data, UK. https://data.gov.uk. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  25. 25.

    Open Data, Switzerland. https://opendata.swiss/. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  26. 26.

    W3C, semantic Web. https://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/ontology. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

  27. 27.

    Protege Editor. http://protege.stanford.edu. Accessed: 2016-09-12.

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  1. Engineering and Information Technology Department, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Höheweg 80, 2502, Biel, Bern, Switzerland

    Jürgen Vogel

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    Alfons Josef Schuster

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Vogel, J. (2017). Distributed and Connected Information in the Internet. In: Schuster, A. (eds) Understanding Information. Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59090-5_8

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