Abstract
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is employed to reinforce contemporary immigration and borders control, typically motivated by the need to protect national or regional security. Strict immigration criteria in receiving countries leave certain categories of migrants such as unskilled, third-country nationals few options but seeking access in an irregular fashion, for example on the basis of false documents or via unauthorized entry points. In order to avoid detection by border surveillance systems, undocumented migrants typically undertake extensive and dangerous routes, often assisted by human smugglers. Thus, strict migration governance jeopardizes the personal security of migrants who have few options but travelling in an irregular fashion. This chapter investigates the ethics of ICT in the context of border governance from the perspective of Imamichi Tomonobu’s Eco-ethica that requires a critical questioning of the role of technology and technology-mediated action. It is used as a tool to shed light on the problem rather than to solve the problem. Criteria for fair sharing of responsibility for transnational migration are sought in Imamichi’s holistic approach.
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Notes
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The official report of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission (2012). Executive Summary. The National Diet of Japan NAIIC. https://www.nirs.org/wp-content/uploads/fukushima/naiic_report.pdf
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Many of the concerns raised in the long-standing debate on collective responsibility are not developed in Imamichis’ reasoning, for instance the role of intentionality. It is not clear if groups must meet the same stringent conditions of moral responsibility that individuals do – intentionality being a key aspect.
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The Eurodac system comprises the Central Unit, initially operated by the Commission but now managed by the EU Agency for Large-Scale IT Systems, a national unit in each Member State, and the infrastructure for transmitting data between national units and the Central Unit.
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Cf. Operations Mare Nostrum and Triton. Cf. http://www.marina.difesa.it/EN/operations/Pagine/MareNostrum.aspx and http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-566_en.htm
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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty negotiated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Rio de Janeiro, June 3–14, 1992. The objective of the treaty is to “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.” The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
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The CBDR principle is one of the main pillars of sustainable development, drawing on equity considerations and explicated in the 1992 Rio Earth Summit.
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PALM, E. (2019). Imamichi, Interdependence and Technology-Mediated Action – The Case of Border Governance. In: LENNERFORS, T., MURATA, K. (eds) Tetsugaku Companion to Japanese Ethics and Technology. Tetsugaku Companions to Japanese Philosophy, vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59027-1_10
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