Abstract
Pond management is one of the most critical aspects in aquaculture production. The mass production of aquatic species need a systematic approach starting from the selection of species and fry, pond preparation, equipment, water management, feeding schedule, material and maintenance. This chapter focuses on the pond management among small farmers in Khulna Bangladesh. The analysis covers (i) farming system, (ii) pond preparation, (iii) seedling/brood stock/fry (iv) feeding management, (v) water management and (vi) stocking and harvesting. The Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming in Khulna was using traditional method, with minimum input from modern technology, and yet it was very sustainable and environmental friendly. The farmers prefer to produce shrimp rather than paddy due to high income generation. Despite having small size of ponds, farmers are producing more and earn sufficient income to run the family and have succeeded in eliminating poverty. The yield is promising and reaching almost 80–95% every season and achieved higher survival rate. The understanding of management practices in Khulna, Bangladesh can be inspiration and guide for improving aquaculture management practices especially in maintaining higher survival rate and sustainability of small farmers can be seen as potential driver of demarginalization.
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Notes
- 1.
Homestead pond culture is a small component of the household farm enterprise, used for multiple purposes including bathing, washing, watering livestock and irrigation for dyke or homestead vegetable production, whereas the fish produced by homestead aquaculture is generally marketed locally in small quantities at sub-district or union level markets by marketing intermediaries with limited buying power (Belton and Azad 2012).
- 2.
Gher is a Bangla word used for the physical construction made for growing freshwater prawns in an impounded environment. These constructions, generally built in paddy fields, are used for growing both paddy and prawns. The ghers usually have a large dike with canals and an area dedicated for paddy cultivation within the gher (Nurazzaman 2012). Gher is therefore a modified rice field or pond located beside canal or river (Paul and Vogl 2013).
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Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the High Impact Research (HIR) project funding of the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia. The author would like to thank the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for the required financial support and University Malaya HIR Office for their support in facilitating the field investigation trip.
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Mustafa, F.B. (2018). Pond Management System Among Small Farmers in Khulna, Bangladesh. In: Pelc, S., Koderman, M. (eds) Nature, Tourism and Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization. Perspectives on Geographical Marginality, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59002-8_20
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