Abstract
This chapter addresses the intersections of age, gender and work–family relations, and how these intersections relate to careers, care, and the structuring of time more generally in the lives of women in high managerial positions. We examine how female top managers in different age groups perceive their work–care relations. These questions closely relate to individual life stages and phases of career and care responsibilities, as well as the aged/gendered societal and organisational expectations of the ‘ideal worker’ and the ‘ideal carer’. We draw the analysis from three sets of interview data in order to examine the perceptions of care responsibilities as well as aged/gendered managerial work in the context of work/non-work and long term career prospects.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender and Society, 4(2), 138–158.
Adam, B. (1998). Timescapes of modernity. The environment and invisible hazards. London: Routledge.
Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Barak, B., & Schiffman, L. (1980). Cognitive age: A Nonchronological age variable. In K. B. Monroe (Ed.), Advances in consumer research (Vol. 8, pp. 602–606). Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research.
Benschop, Y., & Doorewaard, H. (1998). Covered by equality: The gender subtext of organizations. Organization Studies, 19(5), 787–805.
Bittman, M., & Wajcman, J. (2000). The rush hour: The character of leisure time and gender equity. Social Forces, 79(1), 165–189.
Burke, R. J. (2007). Career development of managerial women: Attracting and managing talent. In D. Bilimoria & S. K. Piderit (Eds.), Handbook on women in business and management (pp. 109–131). Cheltenham/Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York/London: Routledge.
Cohen, L., Duberley, J., & Mallon, M. (2004). Social constructionism in the study of career: Accessing the parts other approaches cannot reach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64, 407–422.
Collinson, D., & Hearn, J. (1994). Naming men as men: Implications for work, Organization and management. Gender, Work and Organization, 1(1), 1–23.
Cooper, C. L. (1998). The changing nature of work. Community, Work and Family, 1(3), 313–317.
Coser, L. A. (1974). Greedy institutions; patterns of undivided commitment. New York: Free Press.
Crompton, R. (2001). Gender, comparative research and biographical matching. European Societies, 3(2), 167–190.
Esping-Andersen, G. (2009). Incomplete revolution: Adapting welfare states to women’s new roles. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Fineman, S. (2011). Organizing age. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hall, D. T. (2002). Careers in and out of organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hearn, J. (1977). Towards a concept of non-career. The Sociological Review, 25(2), 273–288.
Hearn, J., & Niemistö, C. (2012). Men, managers, fathers and home-work relations: National context, corporate policies, and individual lives. In P. McDonald & E. Jeanes (Eds.), Men’s wage and family work (pp. 95–113). London: Routledge.
Hearn, J., Jyrkinen, M., Piekkari, R., & Oinonen, E. (2008). Women home and away: Transnational work and gender relations. Journal of Business Ethics, Special issue on women, globalization and global management, 83(1), 41–54.
Hearn, J., Jyrkinen, M., Karjalainen, M., Niemistö, C., & Piekkari, R. (2016). Men and masculinities in large transnational companies: National-transnational intersections amongst knowledge professionals and managers. In H. Peterson (Ed.), Gender in transnational knowledge companies (pp. 99–118). Berlin: Springer.
Heikkinen, S. (2015). (In)significant others: The role of the spouse in women and men Managers’ careers in Finland. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä.
Heikkinen, S., Lämsä, A.-M., & Hiillos, M. (2014). Narratives by women managers about spousal support for their careers. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 30(1), 27–39.
Hiillos, M. (2004). Personnel managers and crisis situations. Emotion-handling strategies, Ekonomi och Samhälle (Vol. 136). Helsinki: Hanken, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration.
Holgersson, C. (2003). Rekrytering av företagsledare. En studie I homosocialitet [The recruitment of managing directors – A study of homosociality]. Stockholm: Ekonomiska Forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögskolan i Stockholm.
Jyrkinen, M., & McKie, L. (2012). Gender, age and ageism: Experiences of women managers in two EU countries. Work, Employment and Society, 26(1), 65–82.
Kanter, R. M. (1977). Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books.
Lewis, J. (2006). Men, women, care, work and policies. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(4), 387–392.
Lipman-Blumen, J. (1976). Toward a Homosocial theory of sex roles: An explanation of sex segregation of social institutions. Signs Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 1(3), 15–31.
Mainiero, L. A., & Sullivan, S. E. (2005). Kaleidoscope careers: An alternative explanation for the opt-out revolution. Academy of Management Executive, 19(1), 106–123.
Martin, P. Y. (2001). ‘Mobilising masculinities’: Women’s experiences of men at work. Organization, 8(4), 587–618.
Martin, P. Y. (2003). “Said and done” versus “saying and doing” – Gendering practices, practicing gender at work. Gender & Society, 17(3), 342–366.
McCall, L. (2005). The complexity of intersectionality. Signs, 30(3), 1771–1800.
McKie, L., Hearn, J., Bowlby, S., Smith, A. and Hogg, G. (2008). Organisation carescapes: Researching organisations, work and care. Working Paper 538. Helsinki: Hanken School of Economics.
McKie, L., Biese, I., & Jyrkinen, M. (2013). ‘The best time is now!’: The temporal and spatial dynamics of women opting in to self-employment. Gender, Work and Organization, 20(2), 184–196.
Moore, S. (2009). “No matter what I did I would still end up in the same position”: Age as a factor defining older women’s experience of labour market participation. Work, Employment and Society, 23(4), 655–671.
Niemistö, C. (2011). Work/family reconciliation: Corporate management, family policies, and gender equality in the Finnish context (Doctoral thesis). Management and Organisation, Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki.
Niemistö, C., Hearn, J. and Jyrkinen, M. (2016) ‘Age and generations in everyday organisational life: Neglected intersections in studying organisations’, International Journal of Work Innovation, 1(4): 353–374.
Nippert-Eng, C. (1996). Home and work: Negotiating boundaries through everyday life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Orloff, A. S. (1993). Gender and the social rights of citizenship: The comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states. American Sociological Review, 58(3), 303–328.
Pääkkönen, H. (2013). Tasoittuvatko ajankäytön sukupuolittaiset erot Suomessa? [Will gendered differences in time-use level down?]. In M. Pietiläinen (Ed.), Työ, talous ja tasa-arvo [Work, economy and equality] (pp. 203–217). Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
Still, L., & Timms, W. (1998). Career barriers and the older woman manager. Women in Management Review, 13(4), 143–155.
Suokannas, M. (2008). Den anonyma seniorkomsumenten identifieras: Om identitetsskapande processer i en marknadsföringskontext [Identifying the anonymous senior consumer: About identityshaping processes in a marketing context], Economics and society (Vol. 185). Helsinki: Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration.
The Role of Men in Gender Equality. (2013). Prepared for European Commission. In E. Scambor, K. Wojnicka, & N. Bergmann (Eds.), Consortium led by L&R social research, with Dissens, Research Institute at Men’s Counselling Centre, abz*austria, INBAS. Written by S. Belghiti-Mahut, N. Bergmann, M. Gärtner, J. Hearn, Ø. G. Holter, M. Hrženjak, R. Puchert, C. Scambor, E. Scambor, H. Schuck, V. Seidler, A. White and K. Wojnicka. Brussels: European Commission.
Tienari, J., Vaara, E., & Meriläinen, S. (2010). Becoming an international man: Top manager Masculinities in the making of a multinational corporation. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 29(1), 38–52.
Tronto, J. C. (1993). Moral boundaries. A political argument for an ethic of care. New York: Routledge.
Wajcman, J. (1998). Managing like a man. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Whyte, W. H. (1956). The organization man. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Williams, J. (2000). Unbending gender: Why work and family conflict and what to do about it. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jyrkinen, M., Niemistö, C., Hearn, J. (2017). Career, Care, and Time: Female Top Managers in the Intersections of Age, Gender, and Work–Family. In: Aaltio, I., Mills, A., Mills, J. (eds) Ageing, Organisations and Management. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58813-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58813-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-58812-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-58813-1
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)