Abstract
This chapter presents a brief history of how Brazilian diplomacy tackled the issue of women in its workforce and appraises current application patterns, career paths and posting of men and women. It is based on extensive research in private and public archives and on a database with information on diplomats who entered the organisation from 1902 to 2010 and retired or stayed in the organisation until 2015. Formal legal barriers ended after decades of struggle, but the professional diplomatic ethos still has a gender bias. We believe the case shows how the end of formal barriers is just the first step in a greater quest for gender equality.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
A mulher no serviço. 1940. Correio da Manhã, June 7.
Alencastro, Catarina. 2015. Diplomatas relatam casos de assédio dentro do Itamaraty. O Globo, December 1.
Bandeira, Luísa Luga. 2011. “Expulsa” após casar, ex-diplomata tenta voltar ao Itamaraty. Folha de São Paulo, March 14.
Bridgeman, Brent, and Charles Lewis. 1994. The Relationship of Essay and Multiple-choice Scores with Grades in College Courses. Journal of Educational Measurement 31 (1): 37–50.
Bruschini, Cristina. 2000. Gênero e trabalho no Brasil: novas conquistas ou persistência da discriminação? (Brasil, 1985/95). In Trabalho e gênero: mudanças, permanências e desafios, ed. Maria Isabel Baltar da Rocha, 13–58. São Paulo: Editora 34.
Coles, Anne. 2008. Making Multiple Migrations: The Life of British Diplomatic Families Overseas. In Gender and Family Among Transnational Professionals, ed. Anne Coles and Anne-Meike Fechter, 125–147. New York: Routledge.
Collins, James, and Vil Singh. 2006. Exploring Gendered Leadership. In Women in Leadership and Management, ed. Duncan Mctavish and Karen Miller, 11–31. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Crawford, Charles. 2014. Diplomatic Sexism: Does the Foreign Office Discriminate Against Female Diplomats? Accessed April 6, 2016. http://krwizard.blogspot.com/2015/01/diplomatic-sexism-does-foreign-office.html
Educação e ensino. 1941. Jornal do Brasil. December 3.
Favero, Linda Williams, and Renee Guarrielle Heath. 2012. Generational Perspectives in the Workplace Interpreting the Discourses that Constitute Women’s Struggle to Balance Work and Life. Journal of Business Communication 49 (4): 332–356.
French, Kate. 1995. Men and Locations of Power: Why Move Over? In Gender, Culture and Organizational Change: Putting Theory into Practice, ed. Catherine Itzin and Janet Newman, 54–67. London: Routledge.
Gallo, Mel Bleil. 2015. Abuso diplomático. Accessed December 4, 2015. http://istoe.com.br/442172_ABUSO+DIPLOMATICO/.
Groysberg, Boris, and Robin, Abrahams. 2014. Manage Your Work, Manage Your Life. Harvard Business Review, March 2014.
Hewlett, Sylvia Ann, and Ripa Rashid. 2011. The Battle for Female Talent in Brazil. New York: Center for Work-Life Policy.
Hiss, William C., and Valerie W., Franks. 2014. Defining Promise: Optional Standardized Testing Policies in American College and University Admissions. Accessed December 30, 2015. http://www.nacacnet.org/research/research-data/nacac-research/Documents/DefiningPromise.pdf
Hyde, Janet Shibley, and Kristen C. Kling. 2001. Women, Motivation, and Achievement. Psychology of Women Quarterly 25 (4): 364–378.
Ibarra, Herminia. 2012. To Close the Gender Gap, Focus on Assignments. Harvard Business Review, May 22.
Letukas, Lynn. 2016. College Admissions Testing: Current Understanding and Future Implications. Sociology Compass 10 (1): 98–106.
Linn, Marcia C., Tina De Benedictis, et al. 1987. Gender Differences in National Assessment of Educational Progress Science Items: What does “I Don’t Know” Really Mean? Journal of Research in Science Teaching 24 (3): 267–278.
Moschkovich, Marília, and Ana Maria F. Almeida. 2015. Desigualdades de gênero na carreira acadêmica no Brasil. Dados 58 (3): 749–789.
MRE. 2014. Portaria N° 491. Diário Oficial da União, September 15.
———. 2015. Nota de esclarecimento (N° 487). Accessed April 10, 2016. http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-BR/notas-a-imprensa/12621-esclarecimento20151204
———. 2016. Youtube Channel. Accessed September 25, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/user/MREBRASIL.
Quintella, Thereza. 2002. Mulheres Diplomatas. O Globo, December 26.
Ribeiro, Lilian Lopes, and Emerson Marinho. 2012. Time Poverty in Brazil: Measurement and Analysis of its Determinants. Estudos Econômicos 42 (2): 285–306.
Smith, Daryl G. 2015. Diversity’s Promise for Higher Education: Making it Work. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Spektor, Matias. 2015. Mulheres diplomatas. Folha de São Paulo, November 12.
Wainer, Howard, and Linda Steinberg. 1992. Sex Differences in Performance on the Mathematics Section of the Scholastic Aptitude Test: A Bidirectional Validity Study. Harvard Educational Review 62 (3): 323–337.
Williams, Joan C. 2014. Hacking Tech’s Diversity Problem. Harvard Business Review, October.
Willingham, Warren W., and Nancy S. Cole. 2013. Gender and Fair Assessment. New York: Routledge.
World Bank. 2014. Gender at Work: A Companion to the World Development Report on Jobs. Accessed May 20, 2015. http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/Gender/GenderAtWork_web.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Farias, R.d.S., do Carmo, G.F. (2018). Brazilian Female Diplomats and the Struggle for Gender Equality. In: Aggestam, K., Towns, A. (eds) Gendering Diplomacy and International Negotiation. Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58682-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58682-3_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-58681-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-58682-3
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)