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Hypersensitivity to Dental Alloys

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Metal Allergy

Abstract

Most dental appliances to restore or replace decayed teeth are (partially) composed of alloys that may contain a large variety of metals. Corrosion is an inevitable chemical reaction between the oral environment and dental alloys that may lead to substantial and clinically relevant ion release and in turn result in adverse reactions like hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). There is a strong relation between exposure to dental alloys and ACD; thus, dental crowns seem to play a key role. However, a relationship between hypersensitivity to metals and objective oral abnormalities is less clear. Most likely the ability of various metals to trigger the innate immune system and the tolerant character of the oral mucosa play a key role. Notably, several cases describe ACD on distant sites due to oral exposure in the absence of oral complaints. On top of that, dental crowns are often difficult to distinguish from natural teeth, making them almost invisible to untrained eyes. Allergists and dermatologists should be aware of this insidious source of metal exposure, especially in cases of persistent metal ACD, and co-management with the patient’s dentist can be helpful.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Joris Muris & Cees J. Kleverlaan

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  1. Joris Muris
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  2. Cees J. Kleverlaan
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Correspondence to Joris Muris .

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  1. Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA

    Jennifer K Chen

  2. Department of Dermatology and Allergy Herlev and Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

    Jacob P. Thyssen

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Muris, J., Kleverlaan, C.J. (2018). Hypersensitivity to Dental Alloys. In: Chen, J., Thyssen, J. (eds) Metal Allergy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58503-1_22

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