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Ecotourism’s Promise and Peril pp 9–27Cite as

Physiological and Behavioral Consequences of Human Visitation

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Abstract

The more people lose contact with nature in their daily lives, the greater the need to compensate for this loss through nature-based recreation and ecotourism. However, these tourist activities are often not without consequences for animals. The mere presence of humans can affect resident wildlife. Short-term changes in physiology and behavior may accumulate and thus affect individuals. The cumulative impacts of these often small changes, combined with other environmental assaults, may have population-level consequences and thus reduce the likelihood of a population of persisting over time. In this chapter, we describe how human visits in natural areas might modulate the physiology and behavior of animals. We find that most animals are particularly sensitive to tourist numbers as well as behavior and noise associated with human presence. Feeding practices often change the behavior of focal animals, leading to some individuals becoming bolder and more aggressive. At the physiological level, a shift from a natural to an artificial diet could also have long-term consequences by affecting animals’ body condition and other traits essential for population survival. We list current and forthcoming challenges that need to be addressed to reduce negative impacts of human visitation on wildlife species in the context of sustainable tourism management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ifremer, UMR MARBEC, Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, Laboratory of Adaptation and Adaptability of Animals and Systems, Palavas-les-Flots, France

    Benjamin Geffroy & Bastien Sadoul

  2. Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia

    Ursula Ellenberg

Authors
  1. Benjamin Geffroy
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  2. Bastien Sadoul
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  3. Ursula Ellenberg
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Correspondence to Benjamin Geffroy .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and The Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Daniel T. Blumstein

  2. Ifremer, UMR MARBEC, Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation, Laboratory of Adaptation and Adaptability of Animals and Systems, Palavas-les-Flots, France

    Benjamin Geffroy

  3. Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Diogo S. M. Samia

  4. Graduate Program in Ecology, and Life and Earth Sciences Department, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil

    Eduardo Bessa

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Geffroy, B., Sadoul, B., Ellenberg, U. (2017). Physiological and Behavioral Consequences of Human Visitation. In: Blumstein, D., Geffroy, B., Samia, D., Bessa, E. (eds) Ecotourism’s Promise and Peril. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58331-0_2

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