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Protein Deimination in Human Health and Disease pp 317–336Cite as

Deimination in Multiple Sclerosis: The Bad, the Good, and the Ugly

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, demyelinating, and degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. The majority of patients are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40, and it is a leading cause of disability among young adults (Hauser and Goodin 2015; Lavery et al. 2014). MS typically presents with acute attacks of neurologic symptoms such as weakness, imbalance, vision loss, or numbness that are called “relapses,” and these occur early in the course of the most common form, historically known as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Over time, increasing numbers of relapses contribute to disability accumulation (Fig. 18.1). At 19 years of disease duration, 75% of RRMS patients will have developed a more progressive course, whereby their worsening occurs in a steady decline and with fewer relapses (Confavreux and Vukusic 2006), a disease process historically known as secondary progressive MS (SPMS). In contrast, about 15% of patients will have progressive neurologic decline from the start, and this has been referred to as primary progressive MS (PPMS) (Lublin and Reingold 1996). In a 2013 effort to align the nomenclature with the underlying pathological changes, these diagnoses were renamed simply relapsing MS (RMS) and progressive MS (PMS) along with other, more subtle changes in diagnostic terminology that are beyond the scope of this chapter (Lublin et al. 2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    William R. Meador & John R. Rinker

  2. The Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA

    John R. Rinker

  3. Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and The Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Anthony P. Nicholas

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  3. Anthony P. Nicholas
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Correspondence to William R. Meador .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and The Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    Anthony P. Nicholas

  2. Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA

    Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMASS Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

    Paul R. Thompson

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© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

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Meador, W.R., Rinker, J.R., Nicholas, A.P. (2017). Deimination in Multiple Sclerosis: The Bad, the Good, and the Ugly. In: Nicholas, A., Bhattacharya, S., Thompson, P. (eds) Protein Deimination in Human Health and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58244-3_18

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