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Mycorrhiza - Eco-Physiology, Secondary Metabolites, Nanomaterials pp 107–133Cite as

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Redeeming Arsenic Toxicity in Plants

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Abstract

Arsenic (As) contamination has transitioned into a global threat, hampering the survival of millions. Chemical fixation/remediation techniques have proved to be inadequate to reduce As toxicity. Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in alleviation of As stress is a reliable and efficient approach. AMF have been reported to be present in As contaminated soils and are known to exert ameliorative role on detrimental effects of As. Although presence of As in soil affects AMF spore germination and colonization, they have been found to occur even in highly contaminated soils. AMF alleviate As toxicity by extending its extraradical mycelium beyond the depletion zone and help in the uptake of various nutrients increasing the biomass of the plant. AMF sequester As in its various fungal structures such as intraradical hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles preventing their translocation to aerial plant parts. Arsenate [As(V)] and inorganic P(Pi) compete for the same transport proteins in root plasma membrane. AMF could decrease As(V) uptake into the roots by suppressing the high affinity As(V)/(Pi) transporters. It thus enhances the P-uptake by circumventing the direct pathway and channelizing P-uptake by mycorrhizal pathway. AMF results in As stress tolerance in plants by enhancing P uptake, biotransformation of As(V), reduced As uptake, sequestration, protection from oxidative damage and improved physiology of plants.

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  1. Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India

    Surbhi Sharma, Neeraja Singh & Rupam Kapoor

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  1. Surbhi Sharma
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  2. Neeraja Singh
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  3. Rupam Kapoor
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  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Prasad

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Narendra Tuteja

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Sharma, S., Singh, N., Kapoor, R. (2017). Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Redeeming Arsenic Toxicity in Plants. In: Varma, A., Prasad, R., Tuteja, N. (eds) Mycorrhiza - Eco-Physiology, Secondary Metabolites, Nanomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57849-1_7

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