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Adaptive Governance of Disaster

Part of the book series: Water Governance - Concepts, Methods, and Practice ((WGCMP))

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Abstract

This chapter explores the dominant institutions at the international level involved in agricultural producer livelihoods and response to climate change, d&f (see Sect. 4.4) and analyzes how they are structured and framed (Sect. 4.5). First, it examines the institutions’ instruments related to climate change, adaptation, d&f, the relevant international drivers (Sects. 4.2 and 4.3), as well as social learning (see Sect. 4.6). Finally, the implications of these international organizations, instruments, and learnings are identified for redesigning instruments for agricultural producers at the case study level (see Sect. 4.7). Because of the focus on the agricultural producer of this book, a full assessment of adaptive governance of d&f at the international level is beyond the book’s scope.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Due to developments in technology (zero tillage, pest resistant crops, and rising non agricultural wages (Deininger et al. 2011:32).

  2. 2.

    Currently 50% of people live in urban areas; expected to climb to 60% or 4.9 billion people in 2030 (NIC 2012: 26)

  3. 3.

    The global population has increased by 3.8 billion between 1961 and 2012. This is an increase of 122.9 percent (Worldwatch Institute 2013).

  4. 4.

    This occurred in 2008 and has raised concerns of intergenerational equity because of a lack of long term actuarial estimates, partial coverage (not covering the informal labour force), and gender discrimination as women spend less time in the workforce (Arza 2009).

  5. 5.

    The State has the legal obligation of providing disaster assistance to its residents, and any other State offering aid must have the consent of the affected State (UN Doc. A/CN.4/629 para 78).

  6. 6.

    These lawsuits are arguably an economic instrument. Small Island States have considered commencing a claim in the International Court of Justice seeking an advisory opinion in relation to the responsibilities of States under international law to ensure activities are carried out under their jurisdiction or control that emit GHG do not damage other states. This claim is based on A 4.2 of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Framework.

  7. 7.

    Bonds only have been paid once, in the event of hurricane Katrina to Zurich Financial Services by Kam Re (Kron 2008; Beder and Marshall 2011).

  8. 8.

    Four treaties and three protocols of 1949 that established the standards of international law for the humanitarian treatment of wartime prisoners and civilians ratified by 196 countries.

  9. 9.

    Although internationally there isn’t disagreement on the science (IPCC 2014) this is still termed an unstructured problem because there is so much public and political skepticism (Baitie 2008).

  10. 10.

    This builds on the need to recognize the integrated management of water resources (see GWP 2015).

  11. 11.

    Special attention is paid in the case studies to determining the presence of international instruments (specifically regulatory climate change instruments and economic instruments (project funding and insurance)), and finding evidence of the influence of suasive instruments.

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  1. Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada

    Margot A. Hurlbert

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Hurlbert, M.A. (2018). International Level. In: Adaptive Governance of Disaster. Water Governance - Concepts, Methods, and Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57801-9_4

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