Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management

Abstract

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 is a recognized species in the genus Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae, which comprises several genetically diverse variants denominated GLRaV-4 strains 4, 5, 6, 9, De, Car, Pr, and Ob. They are collectively referred to as “grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4-like viruses” (or GLRaV-4LVs). These viruses have been found associated with leafroll disease of grapevine, their sole host known to date. They are characterized by flexuous virions up to 1800 nm in length and a genome made up of a non-polyadenylated, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecule of 13.6–13.8 kb in size, depending on the particular strain/molecular variant. In spite of considerable differences in nucleotide content between molecular variants, the genome of all GLRaV-4LVs consists of seven open reading frames (ORFs), flanked by relatively short 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), respectively, that encodes six proteins (in the 5–3′ direction): the replication-associated polyprotein (expressed via +1 ribosomal frameshift of two partially overlapping ORFs), a small hydrophobic protein (p5), the HSP70 homologue (HSP70h), the 60K protein (p60), the viral coat protein (CP), and a protein of unknown function with a molecular mass of 23K (p23). GLRaV-4LVs are phloem-limited, nonmechanically transmissible, and distributed worldwide. Several mealybug and soft scale insect species mediate their short distance spread, while long-distance dissemination occurs primarily through infected propagating material.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic, N., S. Sabanadzovic, J.K. Uyemoto, D. Golino, and A. Rowhani. 2010. A putative new ampelovirus associated with grapevine leafroll disease. Archives of Virology 155: 1871–1876.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic, N., S. Sabanadzovic, P. Gugerli, and A. Rowhani. 2012. Genome organization, serology and phylogeny of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 4 and 6: Taxonomic implications. Virus Research 163: 120–128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agranovsky, A.A., E.V. Koonin, V.P. Boyko, E. Maiss, R. Frötschl, N.A. Lunina, and J.G. Atabekov. 1994. Beet yellows closterovirus: Complete genome structure and identification of a leader papain-like thiol protease. Virology 198: 311–324.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agranovsky, A., D.E. Lesemann, E. Maiss, R. Hull, and J.G. Atabekov. 1995. “Rattlesnake” structure of a filamentous plant RNA virus built of two capsid proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92: 2470–2473.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alabi, O.J., Y. Zheng, G. Jagadeeswaran, R. Sunkar, and R.A. Naidu. 2012. High throughput sequence analysis of small RNAs in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) affected by grapevine leafroll disease. Molecular Plant Pathology 13: 1060–1076.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alkowni, R., A. Rowhani, S. Daubert, and D.A. Golino. 2004. Partial characterization of a new ampelovirus associated with grapevine leafroll disease. Journal of Plant Pathology 86: 123–133.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Almeida, R.P.P., K. Daane, V. Bell, K. Blaisdell, M. Cooper, E. Herrbach, and G. Pietersen. 2013. Ecology and management of grapevine leafroll disease. Frontiers in Microbiology 4: 94. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00094.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alzhanova, D.V., A.I. Prokhnevsky, V.V. Peremyslov, and V.V. Dolja. 2007. Virion tails of Beet yellows virus: Coordinated assembly by three structural proteins. Virology 359: 200–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arcangeli, G. 1907. Su di un caso di rossore della vite a Careggiano. Agricoltura Italiana 13: 18–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Besse, S., W. Bitterlin, and P. Gugerli. 2009. Development of an ELISA for the simultaneous detection of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9. In Extended abstracts 16th meeting of ICVG, Dijon, France, 296–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boscia, D., C. Greif, P. Gugerli, G.P. Martelli, B. Walter, and D. Gonsalves. 1995. Nomenclature of grapevine leafroll-associated putative closteroviruses. Vitis 34: 171–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boscia, D., M. Digiaro, V. Savino, and G.P. Martelli. 2000. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 6 and Vitis vinifera cv. Cardinal: An intriguing association. In Extended abstracts 13th meeting of ICVG, Adelaide, Australia, 2000, 21–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buzkan, N., S. Karadag, A. Kaya, S. Baloglu, A. Minafra, and J. Ben-Dov. 2010. First report of the occurrence of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 5 in Turkish vineyards. Journal of Phytopathology 158: 448–449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellano, M.A., G.P. Martelli, and V. Savino. 1983. Virus-like particles and ultrastructural modifications in the phloem of leafroll-affected grapevines. Vitis 22: 23–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornuet P., Andret P., Vigne E., Fuchs M., 2003. Identification and characterization of a putative new ampelovirus specifically associated to grapevine leafroll. Extended Abstracts 14th Meeting of ICVG, Locorotondo, Italy: 34

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolja, V.V., J.F. Kreuze, and J.P.T. Valkonen. 2006. Comparative and functional genomics of closteroviruses. Virus Research 117: 38–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dovas, C.I., and N.I. Katis. 2003. A spot multiplex nested RT-PCR for the simultaneous and generic detection of viruses involved in the etiology of grapevine leafroll and rugose wood of grapevine. Journal of Virological Methods 109: 217–226.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elbeaino, T., F. Numic, M. Digiaro, S. Sabanadzovic, and G.P. Martelli. 2009. Partial characterization of a grapevine leafrollassociated virus isolated from an infected Cypriot vine. Journal of Plant Pathology 91: 479–484.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engel, E.A., P.F. Escobar, C. Montt, S. Gomez-Talquenca, and P.D.T. Valenzuola. 2008. First report of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 and 9 in Chilean grapevines. Plant Disease 92: 1252–1253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, E.A., P.F. Escobar, P.A. Rivera, and P.D.T. Valenzuola. 2010a. First report of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 5 in Chilean grapevines. Plant Disease 94: 1067.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, Esteban A., Paula F. Escobar, Luis A. Rojas, Paulina A. Rivera, Nicola Fiore, and Pablo D.T. Valenzuela. 2010b. A diagnostic oligonucleotide microarray for simultaneous detection of grapevine viruses. Journal of Virological Methods 163 (2): 445–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Escobar, P., N. Fiore, P.D.T. Valenzuola, and E.A. Engel. 2008. First detection of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 in Chilean grapevines. Plant Disease 92: 1474.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteves, F., Santos M. Texeira, J.E. Eira-Dias, and F. Fonseca. 2012. Occurrence of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 5 in Portugal and population structure in field-grown grapevines. Archives of Virology 157: 1747–1765.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fajarado, T.V.M., M. Eiras, O. Nickel, C.R. Dubiela, and E.R. de Souto. 2012. Detection and partial molecular characterization of grapevine fleck virus, grapevine virus D, grapevine leafroll-associated viruses -5 and -6 infecting grapevines in Brazil. Ciência Rural 42: 2127–2130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faoro, F., R. Tornaghi, and G. Belli. 1981. Association of a possibile closterovirus with grapevine leafroll in northern Italy. Rivista di Patologia Vegetale (S.V) 17: 183–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazeli, C.F., N. Habili, and M.A. Rezaian. 1998. Efficient cloning of cDNA from grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 and demonstration of probe specificity by the viral antibody. Journal of Virological Methods 70: 201–211.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Febres, V.J., L. Ashoulin, M. Mawassi, A. Frank, M. Bar-Joseph, K.L. Manjunath, R.F. Lee, and C.L. Niblett. 1996. The p27 protein is present at one end of citrus risteza virus particles. Phytopathology 86: 1331–1335.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goheen, A.C., F.N. Harmon, and J.H. Weinberger. 1958. Leafroll (white Emperor disease) of grapes in California. Phytopathology 48: 51–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gòmez Talquenca, G.G., S. Muñoz, O. Grau, and O. Gracia. 2009. First description of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 5 in Argentina and partial genome sequence. Virus Genes 38: 184–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Good, X., and J. Monis. 2001. Partial genome organization, identification of the coat protein gene and detection of grapevine leafroll-associated virus–5. Phytopathology 91: 274–281.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gugerli, P. 2000. Detection of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses by chemiluminometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LUMINO-ELISA). In Extended abstracts 13th meeting of ICVG, Adelaide, Australia, 134–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. 25 years of serological identification of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses: Antiserum and monoclonal antibodies to GLRaV-1 to GLRaV-9. In Extended abstracts 16th meeting of ICVG, Dijon, France, 24–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gugerli, P., and M.E. Ramel. 1993. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus II analyzed by monoclonal antibodies. In Extended abstracts 11th meeting of ICVG, Montreux, Switzerland, 23–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gugerli, P., J.J. Brugger, and R. Bovey. 1984. L’enroulement de la vigne: mise en évidence de particules virales et développement d’une méthode immuno-enzymatique pour le diagnostic rapide. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 16: 299–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gugerli, P., J.J. Brugger, and M.E. Ramel. 1997. Identification immuno- chimique du 6e virus associé à la maladie de l’enroulement de la vigne et amélioration des techniques de diagnostic pour la sélection sanitaire en viticulture. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 29: 137–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gugerli, P., S. Rigotti, M-E Ramel, N. Habili, A. Rowhani, W. Bitterlin, and S. Besse. 2009. Production of monoclonal antibodies to Grapevine leafroll- associated virus 9 (GLRaV-9). In Extended abstracts 16th meeting of ICVG, Dijon, France, 44–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmon, F.N., and E. Snyder. 1946. Investigations of the occurrence, transmission, spread, and effect of “white” fruit color in the Emperor grape. Proceedings of the American Society of Horticultural Science 47: 190–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, J.S., D. Gonsalves, and D. Teliz. 1990a. Characterization of closterovirus-like particles associated with grapevine leafroll disease. Journal of Phytopathology 128: 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, J.S., D. Gonsalves, D. Boscia, and S. Namba. 1990b. Use of monoclonal antibodies to characterize grapevine leafroll associated closteroviruses. Phytopathology 80: 920–925.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, J.S., D. Gonsalves, D. Boscia, M. Maixner, and D. Golino. 1991. Comparison of rapid detection assays for leafroll disease associated closteroviruses. Vitis 30: 87–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, T., R. Nakaune, M. Nakano, and K. Suzaki. 2013. Novel variants of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 and 7 detected from a grapevine showing leafroll symptoms. Archives of Virology 158: 273–275.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Komorowska, B., T. Golis, and H. Beniak. 2012. Survey of grapevine viruses in Poland. In Proceedings 17th Congress of ICVG, Davis, USA, 206–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koonin, E.V., and V.V. Dolja. 1993. Evolution and taxonomy of positive-strand RNA viruses: Implications of comparative analysis of amino acid sequences. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 28: 375–430.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Le Maguet, J., M. Beuve, E. Herrbach, and O. Lemaire. 2012. Transmission of six ampeloviruses and two vitiviruses to grapevine by Phenacoccus aceris. Phytopathology 102: 717–723.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, M.H., M.J. Li, H.H. Qi, R. Guo, X.M. Liu, and Y.Q. Cheng. 2013. Occurrence of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses in China. Plant Disease 97: 1339–1345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mafhoudhi, N., M. Digiaro, and M.H. Dhouibi. 2009. Transmission of grapevine leafroll viruses by Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Ceroplastes rusci (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Plant Disease 93: 999–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maliogka, V.I., C.I. Dovas, and N.I. Katis. 2008a. Evolutionary relationships of virus species belonging to a distinct lineage within the Ampelovirus genus. Virus Research 135: 125–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008b. Generic and species-specific detection of viruses belonging to an evolutionary distinct lineage within the Ampelovirus genus. Journal of Virological Methods 154: 41–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maliogka, V.I., C.I. Dovas, L. Lotos, K. Efthimiou, and N.I. Katis. 2009. Complete genome analysis and immunodetection of a member of a novel virus species belonging to the genus Ampelovirus. Archives of Virology 154: 209–218.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martelli, G.P. 2014. Grapevine leafroll. In directory of virus and virus-like diseases of the grapevine and their agents. Journal of Plant Pathology 96 (Suppl. 1): 51–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martelli, G.P., and G. Piro. 1975. Virus diseases of the grapevine in a Sicilian herbarium of the past century. Vitis 13: 329–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martelli, G.P., N. Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic, A.A. Agranovsky, M. Al Rwahnih, V.V. Dolja, C.I. Dovas, M. Fuchs, P. Gugerli, J.S. Hu, W. Jelkmann, N.I. Katis, V.I. Maliogka, M.J. Melzer, W. Menzel, A. Minafra, M.E. Rott, A. Rowhani, S. Sabanadzovic, and P. Saldarelli. 2012a. Taxonomic revision of the family Closteroviridae with special reference to the grapevine leafroll-associated members of the genus Ampelovirus and the putative species unassigned to the family. Journal of Plant Pathology 94: 7–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martelli, G.P., A.A. Agranovsky, M. Bar-Joseph, D. Boscia, T. Candresse, R.H.A. Coutts, V.V. Dolja, J.S. Hu, W. Jelkmann, A.V. Karasev, R.R. Martin, A. Minafra, S. Namba, and H.J. Vetten. 2012b. Family Closteroviridae. In Virus taxonomy. Ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, ed. A.M.Q. King, M.J. Adams, E.B. Carstens, and E. Lefkowitz, 987–1001. Amsterdam: Elsevier-Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melzer, M.J., D.M. Sether, A.V. Karasev, W. Borth, and J.S. Hu. 2008. Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus-1. Archives of Virology 153: 707–714.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naidu, R., A. Rowhani, M. Fuchs, D. Golino, and G.P. Martelli. 2014. Grapevine leafroll: A complex viral disease affecting a high-value fruit crop. Plant Disease 98: 1172–1185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naidu, R.A., H.J. Maree, and J.T. Burger. 2015. Grapevine leafroll disease and associated viruses: A unique pathosystem. Annual Review of Phytopathology 53: 613–634.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Namba, S., S. Yamashita, Y. Doi, K. Yora, Y. Terai, and R. Yano. 1979. Grapevine leafroll virus, a possible member of closteroviruses. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 45: 497–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Napuli, A.J., D.V. Alzhanova, C.E. Doneanu, D.F. Barofsky, E.V. Koonin, and V.V. Dolja. 2003. The 64-kDa capsid protein homolog of beet yellows virus is required for assembly of virion tails. Journal of Virology 77: 2377–2384.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Osman, F., C. Leutenegger, D. Golino, and A. Rowhani. 2007. Real time RT-PCR (TaqMan) assays for the detection of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1-5 and 9. Journal of Virological Methods 141: 22–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008. Comparison of low density arrays, RT-PCR and real-time Taq-Man RT-PCR in detection of grapevine viruses. Journal of Virological Methods 149: 292–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Padilla, C.V., E. Cretazzo, I. Hita, N. Lopez, V. Padilla, and L. Velasco. 2010. First report of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 5 in Spain. Plant Disease 94: 1507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Padilla, C.V., E. Cretazzo, M.J. Alcal, I. Hita, N. Lopez, V. Padilla, and L. Velasco. 2013. First report of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 9 in Spain. Journal of Plant Pathology 95: 662.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peake, B.K., A.E. Macie, K. Sivathamparam, N. Habili, and S.J. McKirdy. 2004. First report of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 9 (GLRaV-9) in Western Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 33: 445–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pei, G.Q., Y.F. Dong, Z.P. Zhang, and X.Z. Fan. 2010. First report of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 and 5 in China. Plant Disease 94: 130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, C.W., V.V. Peremyslov, A.R. Mushegian, W.O. Dawson, and V.V. Dolja. 2001. Functional specialization and evolution of leader proteinases in the family Closteroviridae. Journal of Virology 5: 12153–12160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peremyslov, V.V., Y. Hagiwara, and V.V. Dolja. 1999. HSP70 functions in cell-to-cell movement of a plant virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96: 14771–14776.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ravaz, L., and L. Roos. 1905. Le rougeau de la vigne. Progrés Agricole et Viticole 22: 39–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravaz, L., and G. Verge. 1924. Le rugeau de la vigne. Progrès Agricole et Viticole 45: 11–17, 35–38, 86–89, 110–113, 135–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynard, J.S., P.H. Schneeberger, J.E. Frey, and S. Schaerer. 2015. Biological, serological, and molecular characterization of a highly divergent strain of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 causing grapevine leafroll disease. Phytopathology 105: 1262–1269.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosciglione, B., and P. Gugerli. 1986. Maladies de l’enroulement et du bois striè de la vigne: analyse microscopique et sérologique. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 18: 207–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Routh, G., Y.P. Zhang, P. Saldarelli, and A. Rowhani. 1998. Use of degenerate primers for partial sequencing and RT-PCR-based assays of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. Phytopathology 88: 1238–1243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubio, L., J. Guerri, and P. Moreno. 2013. Genetic variability and evolutionary dynamics of viruses of the family Closteroviridae. Frontiers Microbiology 4: 151. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00151.

  • Saldarelli, P., A. Rowhani, G. Routh, A. Minafra, and M. Digiaro. 1998. Use of degenerate primers in a RT-PCR assay for the identification and analysis of some filamentous viruses, with special reference to clostero- and vitiviruses of the grapevine. European Journal of Plant Pathology 104: 945–950.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saldarelli, P., P. Cornuet, E. Vigne, F. Talas, I. Bronnenkant, A.M. Dridi, P. Andret-Link, D. Boscia, P. Gugerli, M. Fuchs, and G.P. Martelli. 2006. Partial characterization of two divergent variants of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4. Journal of Plant Pathology 88: 203–214.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sannino, F.A. 1906. Il rossore delle viti. Rivista di Patologia Vegetale 1: 162–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satyanarayana, T., S. Gowda, M.A. Ayllón, and W.O. Dawson. 2004. Closterovirus bipolar virion: evidence for initiation of assembly by minor coat protein and its restriction to the genomic RNA 5′ region. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101: 799–804.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Scheu, G. 1935. Die rollkrankheit des rebstockes. Der Deutsche Weinbau 14: 222–223. 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sim, S.T., A. Rowhani, R. Alkowni, and D. Golino. 2003. Experimental transmission of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses types 5 and 9 by longtailed mealybugs. In Extended abstracts 14th meeting of ICVG, Locorotondo, Italy, 211–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sim, S., M. Al Rwahnih, A. Rowhani, and D.A. Golino. 2012. Virus elimination from grape selections using tissue culture at Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis. In Proceedings 17th Congress of ICVG, Davis, USA, 262–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Štrukelj, M., I.M. Pleško, and G. Urek. 2016. Molecular characterization of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 from Slovenian vineyards. Acta Virologica 60: 174–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, K., G. Stecher, D. Peterson, A. Filipski, and S. Kumar. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725–2729.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J.R., M. Fuchs, K.F. Fischer, and K.L. Perry. 2012a. Macroarray detection of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. Journal of Virological Methods 183: 161–169.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J.R., M. Fuchs, and K. Perry. 2012b. Genomic analysis of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 5 and related viruses. Virus Research 163: 19–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J.R., M. Fuchs, H. McLane, F. Celebi-Toprak, K.F. Fisher, J.L. Potter, and K.L. Perry. 2014. Profiling viral infections in grapevine using a randomly primed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction/macroarray multiplex platform. Phytopathology 104: 211–219.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, T., V.A. Klaassen, J. Soong, G. Wisler, J.E. Duffus, and B.W. Falk. 1996. Generation of cDNAs specific to lettuce infectious yellows closterovirus and other whitefly-transmitted viruses by RT-PCR and degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the closterovirus gene encoding the heat shock protein 70 homolog. Phytopathology 86: 1167–1173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, T., L. Rubio, H.-H. Yeh, B. Crawford, and B.W. Falk. 1999. Lettuce infectious yellows virus: In vitro acquisition analysis using partially purified virions and the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Journal of General Virology 80: 1111–1117.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, C.W., A. Rowhani, D.A. Golino, K.M. Daane, and R.P.P. Almeida. 2010. Mealybug transmission of grapevine leafroll viruses: An analysis of virus-vector specificity. Phytopathology 100: 830–834.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turkmen, Y., D. Canik-Orel, and F. Ertung, 2012. Monitoring distribution of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses in Turkey. In Proceedings 17th Congress of ICVG, Davis, USA, 180–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • van den Born, E., M.V. Omelchenko, A. Bekkelund, V. Leihne, E.V. Koonin, V.V. Dolja, and P.Ø. Falnes. 2008. Viral AlkB proteins repair RNA damage by oxidative demethylation. Nucleic Acids Research 36: 5451–5461.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Velasco, L., J. Bota, R. Montero, and E. Cretazzo. 2013. Differences of three ampeloviruses’ multiplication may explain their incidences in vineyards. Plant Disease 98: 395–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Velasco, L., E. Cretazzo, C.V. Padilla, and D. Janssen. 2015. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 strain 9: Complete genome and quantitative analysis of virus-derived small interfering RNA populations. Journal of Plant Pathology 97: 189–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, B., and D. Zimmermann. 1991. Further characterization of closterovirus-like particles associated with the grapevine leafroll disease. In Proceedings 10th meeting of ICVG, Volos, Greece, 62–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wistrom, C.M., G.K. Blaisdell, L.R. Wunderlich, R.P.P. Almeida, and K. Daane. 2016. Ferrisia gilli (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) transmits grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. Journal of Economic Entomology 109: 1519–1523.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wistrom, C.M., G.K. Blaisdell, L.R. Wunderlich, M. Botton, R.P.P. Almeida, and K. Daane. 2017. No evidence of transmission of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses by phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae). European Journal of Plant Pathology. (in press) 147: 937.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, D., P. Bass, R. Legin, and B. Walter. 1990a. Characterization and serological detection of four closterovirus-like particles associated with leafroll disease on grapevine. Journal of Phytopathology 130: 205–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann, D., G. Sommermeyer, B. Walter, and M.H.V. Van Regenmortel. 1990b. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to closterovirus-like particles associated with grapevine leafroll disease. Journal of Phytopathology 130: 277–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Paul Gugerli, Dr. Jean-Sébastien Reynard, and Dr. Adib Rowhani for generously providing electron micrographs of purified GLRaV-4 particles and symptoms on different grape cultivars infected with several GLRaV-4LVs. We also acknowledge the time and effort of Dr. G.P. Martelli, Dr. P. Gugerli, and Dr. F. Faoro in identifying valuable bibliographic resources concerning GLRaV-4LVs. Partial financial support for SS and NAG research by Strategic Research Initiative funds from Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station is acknowledged. Finally, we are indebted to numerous scientists for their valuable published and unpublished data used in this endeavor, as well as to editorial team for their suggestions aimed to overall quality improvement of this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA

    N. Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic

  2. Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    V. Maliogka

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA

    S. Sabanadzovic

Authors
  1. N. Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. Maliogka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Sabanadzovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Sabanadzovic .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    Baozhong Meng

  2. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

    Giovanni P. Martelli

  3. Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    Deborah A. Golino

  4. Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, USA

    Marc Fuchs

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic, N., Maliogka, V., Sabanadzovic, S. (2017). Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 . In: Meng, B., Martelli, G., Golino, D., Fuchs, M. (eds) Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57706-7_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation